Extracted From Tea Seed, Tea Seed Oil, Tea Saponin, Tea Seed Polysaccharide Research

It is indicated that the components in tea resource not only has medicine and health protection value but also are taken as raw material of industry. Tea resources are rich in China. But comprehensive utilization of tea resources is far from enough now in China, especially for tea seed. There is a bright perspect in studying and developing the oil, saponin and polysaccharides in tea seed.The optimum conditions of extracting the oil, saponin and polysaccharides in tea seed were studied. Mainly contents as following::(1)the components content of tea seed were determined. The content of fat, saponin and polysaccharides were 34.84%, 20.42% and 10.22% respectively. content of each components was relatively high, it has exploited value.(2)The tea seed oil was extracted by aqueous enzymatic method. The optical extraction process was described as follows: The powdered kernels were first treated with aqueous vapor for 20 min and then the Na-citric acid buffer was added with water to seed ratio of 9:1. The suspension was treated by the chosen combination of neutral protease and cellulase (1:1, v/v) at concentration of 0.5% (v/w) and incubated in a water bath at 55°C for 6 h. Following the incubation, the upper oil-water phase was collected after centrifugation. The oil-water phase was extracted with petroleum ether. After demulsification, the vacuum distillation was used to remove petroleum ether and the oil was dried using an oven. The recovery of tea seed oil reached to 91.03%. The effects of the three parameters on the oil recovery occurred in an order of decreasing magnitude: the aqueous vapor treating time > the ratio of water to seed > the enzyme treating time. The traditional heating method (on a water bath) is simple and time-saving, which can be used to break the emulsion for extraction of oil with petroleum ether.(3)The saponin and polysaccharides were extracted from tea seed by different extraction process, The purity and yield rate of saponin and polysaccharides were compared by water extraction method, ethanol extraction method, methanol extraction method, flocculation method and macroporous resin method. the result showed that ethanol extraction method was the best, polysaccharides content was 44.92%, yield rate was 22.36%, saponin percentage content was 58.02%, yield rate was 19.13%, which can apply to production practice. Besides, the inhibition rate ofα-glucosidase was 82.28% and 62.44% when concentration was 5 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml respectly.(4) The tea seed polysaccharides was further refined by DEAE52 and SephadexG150, then the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of tea seed polysaccharides were determined. And the tea seed polysaccharides was scaned in ultraviolet and infrared region. It was speculated that tea seed polysaccharides was mainly composed by a kind of neutral polysaccharide (named NTSPS1) and two kinds of acid polysaccharides(named ATSPS1-1 and ATSPS2). Molecular weight of NTSPS1 was 4.588 D, ATSPS1-1 and ATSPS2 were 508264 D and 800234 D. ATSPS1-1 has stronger ultraviolet absorption in 280 nm,The result of infrared scanning showed that three kinds of polysaccharides had polysaccharides characteristic absorption peak. ATSPS2 was composed by d galactose and l_rhamnose, The molar ratio was 1:6.3, NTSPS1 was composed by d galactose and ribose, The molar ratio was 1:2.3, ATSPS1-1 was composed by l_rhamnose, ribose, l_rhamnose and d galactose.