Inspection Of The Qing Dynasty Ordos By The Relationship Between The Course Of History

Research of husbandry interlocked belt on the agriculture and animal husbandry's production history catches academic circle's attention. But he former research often separately states the production history of the agricultural and the animal husbandry, and they have nothing to do each other, this is a very great defect..Therefore,the author regards the interreaction of the agriculture and animal husbandry's production as the new angle of view on history research t in the area of husbandry interlocked belt.It is important meaning in the research of this fieldThe Ordos Plateau as mutual intercoursing intermediate zone of husbandry's nationality in the north and south, the record regarding of the region's production of the agricultural and the animal husbandry is so many. Unified the forming of the situation in Qing Dynasty, the blending chance of inland agro-farming society and the Mongolian nomadic society begins to increase . Along with the appearance and the expansion of agricultural production in Ordos Region, a profound historical transformation begins to set up in nomadic society of the region. Based on this, the article selects the Ordos of Qing Dynasty Ordos as the studing region.Through compiling and analyzing the historical documents and materials, the author investigates the historical course of this regional relation development of the agriculture and the animal husbandry,and analyse the historical social factor which influences and promotes historical development process of the agriculture and the animal husbandry.The paper was divided into three stages according to the characteristics of the relationship between the agriculture and the husbandry in the Ordos in the Qing dynasty. Firstly, it was the formation stage of the relationship.It was about in the early qing dynasty.Its main feature was the agricultural production began infiltrating and enlarging. The mutual help of the relationship gradually strengthened and deepened ,meanwhile, the conflict of agriculture and pasture began appeared frequently.There were two changes in the period, one was the communication between the agriculture and the husbandry changed from limitedly and indirectly to comprehensively and directly, the other was the government in the Qing dynasty changed from supporting to prohibition.The author thought that the period was the golden period of the developing of the agriculture and the husbandry in the qing dynasty. With the deepening and the communication of the relationship.it appeared an opportunity of the developing in the nomadism society.But the government in the qing dynasty did not give the guidance of the policy,and used the forbidden of the reclamation to remain stable of the society,and it formed finally the pattern of "the husbandry was Major and the agriculture is Minor". Secondly,it was the developing stage of the relationship. It was about in the late qing dynasty. Its main feature was the developing of the society gradually declined,and the pattern of "the husbandry was Major and the agriculture is Minor"began disintegrating.The foreign power also began interventing, and the society roilled and poor.There were also two changes in this period,one was the position of the agriculture and the husbandry began changing,the position of the agriculture began increasing, the other was the government began looking for the effective policy to solve the problem such as the private reclamation,and the policy of discharge reclamation began knocking out.Thirdly,it was the transition stage of the relationship.From the policy of discharge reclamation which was proposed by YiGu to the perish of the qing dynasty, and the period mainly was in the period of the the policy of discharge reclamation which was proposed by YiGu.The period was the course of adjusting the relationship by the government.But the policy unilaterally emphasized the function of the agriculture,and denied the function of the husbandry, and it resulted in some practices of developing agriculture by sacrificing the husbandry.The policy did not improve the relationship,and intensified the contradiction and led to the interrupt of the reclamation affairs.One word, the discharge reclamation which was proposed by YiGu was a course of reforming in the relationship of the Ordos in the Qing dynasty.It promoted the development of the agriculture and the husbandry in the area of the Ordos,and pushed the development of the society of the Ordos into the track of modernization..By the researches in this paper, we can get conclusions as follow:First, the internal cause about the development of farming-grazing relationship in Ordos Qing dynasty is the social progress in that area. After the reunite of china in Qing dynasty, although the government reform nomadic system in Inner Mongolia, compared with inland farming society great disparity also existed. This kind disparity led farming-grazing relationship rapidly developed. As the backward of nomadic system, farming-grazing conflicts emerged frequently, but the central government did not seize the chance to promoting social development, and instead of so called "forbidden reclamation policy" to keep "the nomadic was primary, whereas the farming was secondary" situation. In late Qing dynasty, "forbidden reclamation policy" was failed and Qing government was forced to adjust it's policy, but it was not success finally. After late Qing dynasty, farming-grazing relationship failed to meet the needs of social development in Ordos all along, it needed adjustment for farming-grazing relationship, and unsuitable adjustments also hindered it's developments.Second, farming-grazing material exchange is the primary foundation and media of farming-grazing relationship development. In Qing dynasty, agriculture and pasture surplus products impelled farming-grazing relationship developed directly. Early Qing dynasty, accompanied by F&G relationship's strengthen and deepen, was agriculture and pasture products markets' enlargement and prosperity. Agriculture and pasture products exchange ensured the stability of farming-grazing relationship in the Ordos area. In the process of products exchange, agricultural and nomadic cultivation was blending and communicated, and played a positive role in farming-grazing relationship development.Thirdly, the state's system and policy is the external driving force of agriculture and animal husbandry relations's the development and change. Government encouraged the agricultural cultivation that the policy played facilitation to the development of husbandry in earlier stage of Qing Dynasty in the region. Through managing and improving Hushi ,it promoted the deepening and exchanging of the relation between agriculture and animal husbandry. However, with the development of relation between agriculture and animal husbandry, the government's system and policy was not adjusted and improved correspondingly in Qing Dynasty, Especially the implementation of enduring cultivation's policy, has treated the benign development of the farming and animal husbandry's relations negatively. Finally, regard Yigu's cultivation to adjust to the relation between agriculture and animal husbandry rightly as the final result, and forming a transforming development.