Licorice Hmgr, Sqs, Beta-as Synthase Gene Cnvs Origin, Morphology Study

Licorice root has an impressive list of well documented uses and is probably one of the most over-looked of all herbal remedies. The herb's key therapeutic compound, glycyrrhizin (which is 50 times sweeter than sugar) exerts numerous beneficial effects on the body, making licorice a valuable herb for treating a host of ailments. It seems to prevent the breakdown of adrenal hormones such as cortisol (the body's primary stress-fighting adrenal hormone), making these hormones more available to the body. Glycyrrhizin is the most important active ingredient, which has function of anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and so on.Gene copy number variations (CNVs) is one of the hot genetic research in recent years. CNVs are alterations of the DNA of a genome that results in the cell having an abnormal nu-mber of copies of one or more sections of the DNA. CNVs correspond to relatively large regi-ons of the genome that have been deleted or duplicated on certain chromosomes. HMGR, SQS,β-AS synthase gene is the key enzyme genes of Licorice biosynthetic pathway, therefore, we study these three genes to explore their glycyrrhizic acid synthesis pathway.We used Real time PCR method for screening of cultivated licorice HMGR, SQS1,β-AS synthase gene copy number variation. We also analyze the correlations between place of orig-in and morphologicy of Licorice.The main conclusions of this topic are as follows: 1, The results of Southern blot show that only PCR product have a hybrid band, DNA samples have no bands. The method is complicated, time-consuming, not suitable for licorice HMGR, SQS1,β-AS Research synthase gene CNVs. 2, We havd established a methods for determination of glycyrrhizic HMGR, SQS1,β-AS synthase gene copy number. The Correlation coefficient of Real time PCR is between 0.994 and 0.999. This method is simple and repeatable. 3, The CNVs of glycyrrhizic three functional gene. HMGR synthase gene copy number has 3 types, of which one copy has 42% and two copie have 52%. SQS1 synthase gene copy num-ber of 2 species, of which one copy have 90% and two copies has 10%.β-AS synthase genes are single copy, there is no copy number polymorphisms. 4, The combination of CNVs for glycyrrhizic three functional gene.According to three gene copies divided into:2+1+1 (A type),1+1+1 (B type),3+2+1 type (C type),2+2+1 type (D type),3+1+1-type (E type). Combination of the three types of gene copy number to the main A-and B-type, respectively,46% and 42%, of which C-and E-based proportion of the least, to 3%, D-type accounted for 6%.5,The correlations between place of origin and the CNVs.The combination of CNVs for NINGXIA including A, B, C, D types. There is 56% for B type,which is the A type and C type's 5 times. Minqin includes three types of CNVs, the main type is A type, accounting for 57%, which is 2 times of B-type and 4 times of E-type; Inner Mongolia, including A type and B type, the main type is type A,which is 3 times of A-types; Inner Hangjinqi includs A type and B type, in which B type is slightly higher than A type.6, The correlations between morphology and the CNVs. According to morphological characteristics of licorice Category:Ⅰtype:green stem and leaf stems smooth flat;Ⅱtype: green stem and leaf stalks are bristles shrinkage;Ⅲtype:green stem and leaf stem with bristles flat;Ⅳtype:purple stems smooth,flat leaves;Ⅴtype:purple stem and leaf stalks are bristles shrinkage;Ⅵtype:purple stem and leaf stems smooth shrinkage;Ⅶtype: purple stem and leaf stem with bristles flat;Ⅷtype:smooth green leaf stem stem shrinkage TypeⅢ,Ⅵtype,Ⅷtype consists of three copies, respectively, licorice combination of types, which include licorice typeⅢA, B type, C type;Ⅵtype of licorice, including A type and B type, D type;Ⅷlicorice, including Btype, D type, E type. Other types including two copies of licorice are A type and B type.