Northern Varieties Of Cultivated Bupleurum And Quality

Objective:Radix Bupleuri is commonly used bulk herbs with a long history. According to the《Flora of China》volume 55 (1) records published in 1979. Li Ying, Pan Shengli published successively six new species since then, including 25 species,8 varieties,3 variants as a medicinal. What contained in《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》2010 edition was the dried root of Bupleurum chinense DC.and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. According to their different characteristics, divided into North Bupleurum and South Bupleurum. It is cold, tastes bitter, attributive to live,gallbladder meridian. To release both exterior and interior, soothe the liver,and elevate yang, mainly used for cold and fever,and other diseases. Currently, there a large number of cultivation Bupleurum, because the increasing scarcity of wild Bupieurum resources.But the varieties and quality of cultivated Bupleurum is less, so this study collected different varieties and growth years of cultivation Bupleurum, researched on the cultivation of the resource, variety, quality and other aspects for the cultivation of Bupleurum widely used quality assessment and provide a theoretical basis for support.Methods:Reviewd the recent studies; through the spot investigation and literature study to investigate resource status of medicinal plants of cultivated Bupleurum; through the original plant identification,medicinal character identification microscopic identification,TLC identification,infrared spectroscopy to identification the varieties of cultivated Bupleurum; used measurement methods of 2010 Chinese Pharmacopoeia and literature to determine the content of saikosaponin a,c,d by HPLC; to extract essential oil of cultivated Bupleurum of different varieties and growth years by steam distillation of, then to analyse the chemical composition of essential oiwith GC -MS; used HPLC to establish the HPLC fingerprints of different varieties Bupleurum.Results:1. The Literature Review:The studies have focused on chemical composition,pharmacological effects of Bupleurum in recent years, the research of herbal medicine research, resource distribution, Bupleurum species identification and quality evaluation of new technology also has progress. Studies on the cultivation of Bupleurum focused on resource distribution, determination, chemical composition and so on.2. The Resource Iinvestigation The survey found that the main cultivation provices of Bupleurum chinense DC is Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia rare distribution. Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. is Heilongjiang. Bupleurum falcatum Linne. cultivation is Hebei, Hubei and other places.3. The Cultivation of Bupleurum Species IidentificationBupleurum different varieties of the original plant characteristics basically same as the literature record of Bupleurum chinense DC, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd., Bupleurum falcatum Linne.Observe the cultivation of Bupleurum character, the main differential point is:the color of root, fibrous; root of the head of the dense ring pattern, smell. Cultivated Bupleurum chinense DC root is straight, branched less, surface is light tan or brown, difficult to break, the cross section is flaky fibrous. Cultivated Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. is not branched, the top left one or more stem residues, dense fibrous brush leaf, the root of the head most closely ringed, surface is brown-red or reddish-brown, the quality a bit soft, easily to break, the cross section is flat and not significant fibrous, with oil smell. Cultivated Bupleurum falcatum Linne. most often small branches, surface is light yellow or yellowish brown, with irregular fine longitudinal wrinkles, and more lenticels and fine roots, difficult to break, the cross section is flaky fibrous. Cultivated B. yinchowense root is obvious, more slender branches, the head of the root has symmetrical basal root., surface is dark brown, and lenticels and fine root commenly, difficult to break, the cross section is flaky fibrous.Observe the different species of cultivated Bupleurum root of paraffin sections, the main differential point is:the number of columns cork cells, the number of oil tubing, the proportion and distribution of xylem. Cork cells of cultivated B. chinense DC is 3-5 columns, cortex is narrow. The oil tubing scattered in phloem. Cambium connected into a ring, xylem is broad, catheter tangential arrangement, the diameter of catheter is 15μm-52μm, catheter and wood fibers arranged in sheets or closely connected to one or more intermittent cyclic. The fibrous and distribution of Different origin B. chinense DC roots is different. Cork cells of cultivated B. scorzonerifolium Willd. is 8-17 column, phloem is wide. Oil tubing scattered in phloem which around 5-8 secretory cells, diameter of catheter is 14μm-35μm, with little or no wood fiber. Cork cells of cultivated B. falcatum Linne. is 4-6 columns, phloem broad, pipeline scattered which distributed in the cortex and phloem, wood fibers is less.Catheter and fiber concentration in the center of the root or aligned discontinuous ring, diameter of catheter is 9μm-31μm. Cork cells of cultivated B. yinchowense is 5-7 columns, phloem is narrow, tubing rare. Cambium into the ring, xylem broad, catheter tangential arrangement, diameter of catheter is 13μm-50μm, more wood fiber, catheter and wood fibers closely connected to one or more intermittent cyclic. Proportion of the root xylem area is 3/4.Adopt TLC, saikosaponin a, d reference substance for the indicators a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (8:2:1) was employed as the mobile phase, color developing agent is 2% of the dimethylamino benzaldehyde with 40% sulfuric acid solution, review under sunlight and UV light set (365nm), at 60℃color. The result showed 19 samples of cultivated B. chinense DC had common character. Cultivated B. scorzonerifolium Willd. and cultivated B. falcatum Linne. corresponds to weak spots.It is found that different species of Bupleurum in the 1741cm-1-400 cm-1 range is quite different with infrared spectroscopy.4. Determination ExtractDetermination of extract of 48 samples of cultivated Bupleurum was an average of 21.1%, only 5,6 samples failed. Shanxi and Gansu, with higher levels of the sample extract, the lower content of the sample in Shaanxi Province.1-2 years Bupleurum extract was also relatively high.5 copies of cultivated B. falcatum Linne. was average of 20.2%.5. Determination SaikosaponinIt was the first time to determine the cultivation Bupleurum saikosaponin a, d content with 2010 Pharmacopoeia method. The results showed that 67 samples Bupleurum, saponin a, d the average content was 4.54mg/g,6.07mg/g,66 samples of saponin a, d the total content aboved of the 0.30% in the Pharmacopoeia. Saikosaponin a, d the total content is 3.44 mg/g-31.13 mg/g. The average content of Saponin c of 45 Bupleurum samples was 3.34mg/ &.6. Volatile Oil ConstituentsDifferent habitats and different species of cultivated Bupleurum oil yield inconsistent analysis of the composition, more aliphatic compounds, followed by terpenoids.4 Essential Oil Constituents of B. chinense DC had 12 common components, Compared with the cultivated B. falcatum Linne. had only 4 common components.7. HPLC FingerprintUsed HPLC to determine the conditions of fingerprint. It found that cultivated B. chinense DC had 12 common peaks of 15 samples, the similarity of 5 samples in Gansu were above 0.9. and cultivated B. falcatum Linne. had 9 common peaks of 5 samples. Between two different varieties had 7 common components.8.The Innovation1. It is the first time to investigate and research the cultivated Bupleurum resource, the variety and quality in northern systemically; 2. It is the first time to determine the cultivation Bupleurum saikosaponin a, d content with 2010 Pharmacopoeia method.