The First Business Culture Zhanghe Study

Since the 1950s, a large number of archaeological cultural relics, which are greatly different from Erlitou culture, almost in the same period, have been discovered in the northern area of Henan province (referred to as Yu)and southern area of Hebei province (referred to as Ji). Scholars named it as "Zhanghe type of Pre-Shang culture" or "Xiaqiyuan culture". This article agreed to the academic point of view of the former, letting alone the latter. For more than half a century, especially the "Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project" and the "South to North Water Diversion Project", a lot of new relics, for example Gejiazhuang, Dongxianxian, Liangku, Zhaoyao, Nancheng, Liuzhuang and so on, have been discovered, accumulating a wealth of archaeological information. Base on the important relics'archaeological information research, combined with the document, it employed archaeological methods,such as typology and stratigraphy, doing many issues on a comprehensive systematic analysis and appraisal, including site distribution, periodization, chronolgy, relationships between it and adjacent contemporary culture, cultufe essence and its origin and development.This article includes five chapters:Chapter One Introduction. It presents a brief summary of the discovery and study situation of Zhanghe type of Pre-Shang culture, pointing the significance and methods of the research;Chapter Two Periodizatoion and Chronolgy. it divide the representative sites into different periods, then conclude the view of the periodization and chronolgy of the whole culture;Chapter Three Relationship between Zhanghe type of Pre-Shang culture and adjacent contemporary culture, focusing Huiwei culture, Xiayuegezhuang culture, Yueshi culture and Erlitou culture.Chapter Four Essence and Origins. Combined with documents, this paper concluded that Zhanghe type of Pre-Shang culture is in the middle-late periods of Pre-Shang culture, then discussing about its origin and development.Chapter Five Conclusion.