The Impact Of Situational Factors And The Behavior And Attitude Assessment On The Corresponding Deviation

Correspondence Bias (CB) refers to a tendency of the behaver to infer a disposition of another person that corresponds to his or her overt behavior, which was fist suggested by social psychologist. In the corss culture study of CB, Choi and Nisbett (1998) reasoned that such a lack of cultural difference might be due to relatively low salience of the situational constraint in the attitude attribution paradigm. And in their study they found that CB can be reduced or eliminated for Asian when situational constraint becomes salient. But in Yuri Miyamoto and Shinobu Kitayama's (2002) opinion,attitude diagnosticity which refers to a property of socially constained behavior,suggests a true attitude of the actor. In their study, when a socially constrained behavior is still diagnostic of the actor's attitude, both the East and the West showed a strong CB; but the East didn't show any CB when the behavior was minimally diagnostic. The two studies found the culture difference of CB from different angles. So far, there is no research to combine these two factors. The CB study in china is little, especially the the study about influence factors of CB. On the basis of our predecessors, we exam both factors'effect of CB by manipulating situational constraint and the attitude diagnosticity of behavior, and explore the procedure of attitude attribution in the perspective of information processing.There are two experiments in this study, In experiment 1, with the classic attitude attribution paradigm of Jones and Harris', we manipulated situational constraint and the attitude diagnosticity of behavior by asking the participants going through the exact same situation as the target person allegedly did and regulating the essay space and the quantity of arguments,in order to investigate chinese CB's characteristic and influence factors comprehensively. In experiment 2, we regarded situational constraint as external information and the attitude diagnosticity of behavior as the internal information, and changed both the external and internal information's reference by additional information. On the base of experiment 1, we discussed how situational constraint and the attitude diagnosticity of behavior work on attitude attritution and the cognitive process of attitude attribution.The experiments have several results:In expl, participants in all conditions showed CB, and when the situational constraint was salient and the attitude diagnosticity of behavior was reduced, the difference in inferred attitude between the proessay and the antiessay is minimum, and CB of this conditon is the lowest. In exp2, within the additional information, participants showed CB in the condition of salient situational constraint and the higher attitude diagnosticity of behavior, which is weaker than expl; in the conditon of salient situational constraint and the lower attitude diagnosticity of behavior, the internal information is adequate and CB is showed and stronger than expl.With the results and discussion in the experiments, we can get the following conclusions:1. CB is also existed in china with all conditions; CB can be reduced when situational constraint becomes salient or when the attitude diagnosticity of the socially constrained behavior is reduced. Especially, CB is minimally reduced when the both conditions satisfied.2. Chinese will consider both the internal and external information during attitude attribution.When internal information is sufficient which reduces the effect of situational constraints, people tend to show CB; while the internal information is vague which strengthen the role of situational constraints, and CB will be decreased.