Children With Learning Difficulties Self Directed, Friendship Quality, Loneliness Characteristics And Their Relationships

As a speciaIly heterogeneous group, LD children have attracted substantialrcsearch attention. With the development of the Psychology tl1eorie5 anctr.search techniques, study emphasis of the learning disabi1ities l1as changedaccordingly. People main1y analyzed the causes of the Iearning disabiliticsbefore l970th. After l970th, people began to explore tl1e LD children'scognitive characters and processes. People have advanced the use of integrativestUdy since l990th. that is both the cognitive and non-cognitive psychologicalcharacters should be studied. This study adopted the study paradigm.Learning disabilities are a neW study domain in our country. Substan[ialresearches have mostly fOcused on the LD children's cognitive aspects sincel 980ti1. Somebody started to study the LD chiIdren's social aspects utier 1990th.At present, study of LD,hild,,.i, social problems is a new subject in the world.This study aimed at exploring the LD children's socia1 intercourse and socialcognition.The study of social intercourse fOr LD children mainIy incIudes parent-childrelationship, peer relationship and teacher-student relationship. Peerrelationship is a multi-hierarchical, multi-lateraI, mLllti-level network structure.Friendship is an important hierarchy in peer relationship. It means a specialrelationship between two reciprocally c1ose children. The stud}' of children'sfriendship chiefly has three hierarchies, ie friendship existence, friendshipquantity and friendship quality. Friendship quality is thought to be one of theimportant indexes to evaluate interpersonal relations. Self orientation is aprincipal study domain in social cognition. It has been defined a personalexpression of individuals' subjective experience within their internal andexternal environments. This generalized perception ret1ects the extent to whichan individual has a confidence that his or her internal and external environmentsare predicable and that is a high probability that litb situations will work oL1t aswell as can be expected. Questionnaires were adopted to explore characters,ialluential factors and relationship of LD children'S seltLorientation, tYiendshipquality and loneliness.This study of LD children drawn from 2nd to 6tl1 8rades re\'caIed that LDchildren had significantly lower seItLorientation and tYiendship quality, higherloneliness than NLD children. Sex significantly influenced LD children's selt=orientation and friendship quality. while age signit1cantly int1uenced theirloneliness. In addition, LD children's self orientation and friendship qualitynegative1y predicted their Ioneliness.In view of the above-mentioned LD children's sociaI problems, the authorana1yzed their causes and advanced educational intervention measures. Socia1skill deficits, language difficulties, low academic achievements. independence3shortage, social behavior disorders, attention det1cits and so on, led to LDchildren having lower self orientation and tYiendship quality, while havinghigher loneliness than NLD chi1dren. Social skil1s training. co-operative studyStrategy, self perception training, sensitivity training could further LD childrensocial1y healthy development.The study revealed that:l. Compared with NLD children. LD children had signit1cal1tly Iower scIt' -orientation and friendship quality, while had higher loneliness.2. Sex signit1cantly affected LD children's seltLorientation and tYiendshipquality, while age signit1cantly aftbcted their loneIiness.3. LD children'S seIf orientation and friendship quality negatively predictedloneliness.