The Fromm Humanity Thought

Erich Fromm is American famous social philosopher, psychologist, and ethicist in the 20th century, and he is an important representative figure of Frankfurt School. His human nature ideology is mainly a "synthesis " of Freud's psychoanalysis theory and Marx's theory about people; it is the core and foundation stone of his whole social philosophy theory.This thesis is mainly composed of three parts as following:The aim of first part is mainly to introduce social background and ideological origins that Erich Fromm' s human nature ideology produced. Development of the western society in the 20th century, especially economic development, crisis of faith and the tendency to mechanization of social life offer social realistic foundation for the forming of human nature ideology of Erich Fromm, And Freud' s psychoanalysis theory that taking unconscious theory and character theory as the core, Marx's historical materialism theory and alienation theory, the critical theory of Frankfurt School which basic purpose is to dispel social alienation and to build a "sane society ", and Zen Buddhism thought of the East exerted a great influence to the forming of his human nature ideology.Second part aims at carrying on overall combs and probes into to Fromm' s human nature ideology. Article probes into the methodology, contents of Fromm' s human nature ideology and the relations between human nature and existential dichotomies, social character, society unconscious, freedom and alienation in detail, and introduces Fromm 's "social reformation scheme" of the liberation of human nature briefly. Fromm studied the human nature with the " social biology " method, paying attention to biological factor and spiritual factor in human nature, and emphasized the important function that the social environment plays in the human nature. And he put forward the view that human essence is people's inherent contradiction of existence. According to him, mankind' s common existence situation produces three existential dichotomies, namely, life and death, the latent energy with limitless and transient: life, individualism and the feeling of loneliness. The aim to solve these existential dichotomies produces people' s spiritual needs. They are ways to meet these needs under certain situation of people that social character and social unconscious. The existential dichotomy of " individualism and the feeling of loneliness " determines that people should pursue freedom untiringly,and escaping " passive freedom " by various kinds of way, such "passive freedom "displays human nature alienation in contemporary western society. In order to dispel the alienation of the human nature, reach a " sane society ", Fromm proposed energetically the development of reason and ability to love. The concrete measures that he put forward are to carry out overall "society reformation" to the politics, economy and culture of the capitalist societyOn the basis of the comprehensive and systematical introduction, the third part mainly appraises Fromm' s human nature ideology according to Marxist human nature views. It' s rationality embodies mainly some respects as following: his exploration to the contents of human nature structure more comprehensively, the investigation to objective and realistic foundation of human nature, dynamic explanation of the human nature and the emphasis on subjective position of people; But because his class limitation and restriction of society history, his human nature ideology has obvious limitations, embodying mainly some aspects as following: his exaggeration on the role of people' s spiritual factor in human nature so one-sidedly, the fantasy of ways to dispel alienation of human nature and his inherent contradiction of human nature ideology. So, our study and investigation on Fromm' s human nature ideology not only have a great theory meaning, and have important reference meanings to the perfect and development of human nature in modernization of socialism of our country.