| This article based on Declassified Documents, Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) as well as New York Times (publication) and tried hard to describe from 1961 - 1963 US to Western Europe in the economical foreign policy aspect survey. Through describing the struggle between America government and European government on the question of international balances of payments and the US army in Western Europe garrison question, finally point out the essence which between Europe and America relation is who will be a leader in the future of Europe. Since the end of the 50's, US'S international payment balance condition worsens gradually and starts to threaten the international politics economic order which establishes to US. In order to gets rid of this kind of awkward aspect thoroughly, the Kennedy administration adjusts the foreign economic policy, at the same time, by withdraws troops threatens requests its Western Europe allied country to undertake it in Europe's military expenditure. Due to unsatisfied with the US economical foreign policy, the France and Germany leader conflicts extremely to American's request and US in Western Europe's policy.The dissertation includes four sections as follow:Preface: mainly narrates the article's present situation of academic research on this topic and practical significance.Body: explores the American's from 1961-1963.Section one briefly introduces the definition of Economic diplomacy.Section two analyzing American's Europe Economic diplomacy since the post war from two aspects.International economic order: following the financial empire England's decline, American economy enables US to have the ability to become a dominator in the new international economy system. The Bretton woods system and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) are the production of the ideal of "Freedom, Open and Cooperation". While entrusting with US the leader world economics (mainly is the Western Europe country) heavy responsibility, this system also enable US to enjoy the control world economics order the hegemony. But America is unable to overcome the intrinsic inherent system flaw and from the end of the 50's, the situation of the world isn't more and more along with the world economics pattern change.Foreign economic policy: The postwar American and Soviet relations rapid worsening, the European economy collapse as well as the US domestic market saturated urges US have to take the effective measure to help European the reconstruction. So the American government made Marshall plan. But just like a coin has its two coins, this plan also brought Europe up as a contrary.Section three: Kennedy administration's Europe economical foreign policy.Part one, the method of the deficit of BOP at the begin of Kennedy. When US'S gold reserve creates the historical low point again, the Kennedy administration makes every effort in not to change the current international economy order under the premise to balance American the international payment balance, thus reduces the gold the outflow condition. In order to do that, thegovernment had not only adjusted the domestic financial policy, but also requests Germany for US in Germany's garrison payment military expenses. The Berlin crisis appearance forced Germany have to satisfied US'S request.Part two, US'S withdrawal of troops threat and Kennedy administration interior difference. In 1962 US balanced of payment worsen, and the relationship between America and Europe also more intense because of the issue of nuclear weapons. Because worry about the French exchange the gold to US, the American government starts to consider withdraws troops the possibility from Europe. But this question raised the difference between Department of Defense, Ministry of Finance and the State Council. In order to avoid the withdraw from European, the State Council proposed the gold stable agreement. But the propose threatened the foundation of the Bretton woods system.Part three, the compromise of Germany's in military expenses. In 1963 the American government requested Germany to bear the German military expenses for a long time once more. Under US pressure, Germany have to pay this bill follows American's mind. US used the economical diplomacy to alleviate temporarily has balanced of payment.Section four: the appraisal of Kennedy administration economical diplomacy.This part has first discussed the essence which the 20th century at the beginning of 60's US and Western Europe relates. Regarding the American economical diplomacy significance and the function, I thought may divide into two aspects: First, it continued for US to control Europe to provide the foundation, at the same time has also maintained the international economy order which US led;Second, it for US persisted "Freedom, Open, Cooperation" the idea has provided the policy support.Keywords: Economic diplomacy, America and Europe relationship, Dollars Crisis International Balance of Payments... |
PDF Full Text Request