Defense Embarrassment,

"Chinese rites controversy" undisputedly takes a significant position in the history of the contact of Chinese Confucianism and Western Christian culture. But so far there are few records and literatures in Chinese that focus on its study.Fortunately, with the Chinese literatures in Roman Jesuitic Archives resealed, people have discovered a number of Chinese writings about "Chinese rites controversy" which were contributed all by Chinese at the time of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (about 17th-18th century).In our research we will try to exploit the data collected from Roman JesuiticArchives----the Catholic Literature in Ming and Qing Dynasty published by TaipeiRicci Institute, take Yanmo, one Christianized Confucian at the time of early Qing Dynasty in Fujian as a representative case and make a specific study of his dual identity between the two cultures, and a categorization and close observation of the 10 articles left by him. Our research will be guided under a view of comparative literary study.As a representative of early Chinese Christians, Yan Mo was at the same time a traditional Confucian. In the conflict of the two identities, he was inflicted by the embarrassment but eventually chose the latter one.This paper is going to take the method of influential study in comparative literature, the methods of textual research and the study of interpretation to analyze the radical mental contention and contradiction of Yan Mo in "Chinese rites controversy" , and try to explain the common awkwardness of many Chinese scholar-bureaucrats under the compact of Western culture upon Eastern culture.