Early Qing Yangzhou Adherents Poet And His Work Study

There used to be adherents of a former dynasty when taken over by another regime. At the very beginning of Qing Dynasty, the appearance of the adherents of Ming Dynasty in Guangling was the most frequent in all. Among them were the ones from other places, as well as those having settled down here for years or generations. Then, it makes us believe that there had been crying in Guangling for the perdition of the former dynasty, tears sprinkling upon plum blossom, which is right opposite to the traditional flavor that such place used to be sweet, enjoyable.The introduction is to illuminate the significance of this thesis. The studying poems and ci of adherents is so rare among the research on Yuan-Ming-Qing Literature. Researchers of Qing Ci focus mainly on Yangxian, Zhexi, and so on, neglecting the leading of Guangling. So, little has been done to reveal the truth of Yangzhou adherents'ci written on the alternation between Ming and Qing.Chapter one is to analyze the background. The writer defines"Yangzhou adherents"by whether they attended the ci movements held in Yangzhou, and whether they refused to collaborate with Qing, neglecting where they were from. 24 writers are included. Then, the enormity called"Ten Days in Yangzhou", and the temporary existence of Nanming Dynasty, which made adherents refuse to turn to new regime but to feel eager for former dynasty, are supposed to be the reasons why such intense emotion appeared and what they were for. Suppose literary inquisition flooded, their compositions would never be seen today. Luckily, the emperors seemed to be merciful to these adherents and their behaviors, therefore, a tragedy that Ji Kang played"Guangling San"at execution ground never to be seen again. The last part of this chapter is to show their aim , both to express their personalities, and to lead a social emotion, thus possessing the great significance of administering affairs.Chapter two investigates from ideas and contents of their writings. For one thing, it's to express natural disposition and intelligence. Their spending time on beauty, landscape was not only to divert boredom but to recall their motherland. Secondly, They showed their sadness for motherland by ways of grieving over season and fortune, of grieving over the difficulties of lower class, of grieving over loss of relatives and friends. However,"spring scenery"died down in the singing of cuckoos, which caused them to prefer self purity instead, their proper spirit lying inside. Such are the main ideas of their compositions of ci.Chapter three is to appreciate artistically. Their forthright writings are much fewer than the graceful and restrained ones, but there is no lack of excellent representation in forthright ones. Their artistic characteristics are then concluded. Seen from artistic means, they resumed and renewed the tradition of stating, comparison, leading up to the main theme by speaking first of something else. They adopted stating to picture scenery, things, times, and express feelings. And they made contributions to enlarging the contents and feelings in using stating. As for comparison and leading up to the main theme by speaking first of something else, they not only reused traditional images, such as herbs, beauty, bamboos, east-fencing,to stand for pure qualities and living in seclusion, but also took up new images to feel sympathy for Ming and to show disgust to QingChapter four tells the important get-togethers and associations of adherents in the form of years, from the 3rd year of Shunzhi to the 38th year of Kangxi. The frequency of scholars'gathering here and the impact of"Guangling Ci Circle"are thus suggested.The epilogue concluded that ci was looked down upon at the very beginning of Qing Dynasty according to the record of scholars like Li Yu. Guangling adherents'composing with tears and blood, together with the forced gladness drew back the prologue of the resurgence of Qing Ci. Their enduring great hardships in pioneer work should be properly evaluated.