Modern Chinese "up" And Their Syntax

Based on the synchronic researches of the distribution and function of the word"QI LAI"in contemporary chinese language, this thesis analyzes the grammaticalization process of"QI LAI"from diachronic perspective and researches the inner relations of different functional meanings of"QI LAI". It consists of three chapters except the prologue and conclusion.From four aspects of the adscription of word class, syntactic functions, meanings and grammaticalization of"QI LAI", the prologue reviews the research fruits about"QI LAI"in the field of the grammar.Chapter 1 The distribution and function of"QI LAI". In contemporary chinese language,"QI LAI"mainly presents in syntactic formats of"NP+QI LAI(+VP),NP+V+QI LAI,NP1+V+QI+NP2+LAI",it can function as predicate( besides Serial verbal phrases constituted of"QI LAI"and other verbal elements) , complement and other syntactic component. When function as predicate, it indicates initiative action, but when function as complement, it can express meanings of action tendency, begin to continue and accomplished results. This chapter analyzes the differences between the amalgamation type of"NP+V+ QI LAI +VP"and the separated type of"NP1+V+ QI +NP2+ LAI". In addition,"QI LAI"can be used to mark topic, which is similar to the form when it function as complement, but there are some important distinctive features in grammar expression.Chapter 2 The factors which restrict the grammatical meaning of complement"QI LAI". When function as complement, the grammatical meanings of"QI LAI"mostly depend on the properties of its front verb and adjective. The verbs in front of"QI LAI"which expresses meaning of action tendency must be provided with displacement characteristic and the differences between"self move"and"external move"are able to influence the semantic orientation of"QI LAI". When"QI LAI"expresses the meaning of"begin to continue", its front verbs have continuity in time, but no displacement character in space, and when it appears after adjective, it can only express the meaning of"begin to continue". While its front verbs indicates semantic features of"assemble from around to interspace","hide or collect"and so on,"QI LAI"express results of action. When"QI LAI"is used to mark topic,"V QI LA"has lost its time character of verb and the verb indicates extension or aspects of comment appraise.Chapter 3 The grammaticalization process of"QI LAI"."QI LAI"comes from"QI"and"LAI"based on long-term development. In the Tang Dynasty,"QI LAI"indicated actual action and function as predicate in sentence, based on which, some other different meanings came out. In the Five Dynasty, the approach that"QI LAI"function as complement appeared, which was used after verb to indicated action tendency .During the Song and Jing Dynasty, the approach that"QI LAI"functioned as complement became prevalent, the grammaticalization of"QI LAI"appeared, it no longer indicated actual space displacement, but became as a grammatical form which expressed special meanings., it mainly define the meanings of verb or verb cluster. When it comes to the Ming Dynasty, with the process of grammaticalization of"QI LAI","V QI LAI"which constituted by"QI LAI"and its front verb was completely grammaticalized to be external structure of sentence, the main function of"QI LAI"transferred to pragmatics level from grammar level. From a cognitive view, there are some inherent connections among the meanings of action tendency, begin to continue and accomplished results, which is caused by the highlighting of different aspects of initial position, change process and ultimate position.Conclusion. Conclude the main viewpoints of this thesis and point out problems which need further research.