| Manchu was the second nationality which dominated China in the history, Qing Dynasty governed China for 268 years. The culture, politics and civilisation of this nationality had its own characteristic and charm. Working over the particular systems of Manchu, especially the royal marriage system can offer a chance of exploring the culture and the history of the nationality for us, and maybe we can obtain some new konwledge from another degree.Manchu Nationality's long history may trace more than 2000 years ago. In the late-16th century, Nurhachu sprang, unitied every Nuzhen tribes in Northeast area,established the "Eight Banners System" ,by which the military was united.In the period of emperor Huangtaiji, the Qing political power was consolidated, the military influence strengthened, in 1644 Dowar and his soliders entered the Shanhai Barrier, established the Qing Dynasty feudalism political power.Before entering the Barrier, the Manchu nationality had been influenced by Confucianist ethics idea extremely few, the feudal "three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues" did not hold in the Manchu nationality. At the beginning of entering the Barrier, from the social system, the Qing Dynasty also fell behind the Han Nationality. The Qing Dynasty learned useful lessons from the Mongolian national minority's Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty was expelled finally because he cannot use the Han people's social system. So the Manchu nationality studied the Han Nationality's culture vigorously, accepted and esteemed Neo-Confucianism.In the Qing Dynasty marriage system, some Manchu nationality's cultural connotation was also maintained. After the Manchu nationality was in charge of China, payed great attention to preserving its national custom. "in the palace did not gather the Chinese females", "Manchu and Han Chinese was not related though marriage". Therefore though "selecting yong females as imperial concubine" became the historical necessity. In the upper social stratum, from engaging to wedding ceremony, the national characteristic is prominent, completed the marriage according to Manchu nationality's custom and strengthen the procedure and performs though the legal. Simultaneously the Manchu nationality also accepted Ming Dynasty's marital law, used some rules and regulations for reference in the palace. Such procedure caused Qing Dynasty's marriage system luxuriant and characteristic.Absolute monarchy system reached the pinnacleto in Qing Dynasty. The crowned head the upper formation family's marriage, consummated its rank from the system, such as "ally Manchu people with Mongolians", "selecting yong females as imperial concubine and palace maid", "Designated marriage". The Qing Dynasty's rulers took seriously to strive for the ally to adopt the dominant need of ruling China, marriage was one method of consolidating political union. Aisin Giorro family's daughters then undertooke this kind of mission since Nurhachu Time, therefore princess' marriage had gotten the time brand mark, in other words, the princess' marriage may reflect the internal affairs needs and the political situation fluctuation in the specific historical period.In the article the procedures of princess' marriage will be stated, we may realise the imperial marriage system of Manchu Nationality more comprehensively.I want to analysize from such ideological mode, take the historical evidences as the example, represnt the changes of the imperial marriage system of Manchu Nationality from different periods, state the marriage procedures of emperor and princess, anylysize the characteristic systems of the imperial marriage system of Manchu Nationality: "ally Manchu people with Mongolians ","selecting yong females as imperial concubine and palace maid","Designated marriage". Then obtain some peculiarity of the imperial marriage system of Manchu Nationality.The article is divided into four parts:First, the change of the imperial marriage system of Manchu Nationality in Qing Dynasty.In this part, we can analysize from these parts: the transformation of Manchu Nationality's polygamy to monogyny ,"marrying the willows in the clan". Through the two aspects, we can master the imperial marriage of Manchu Nationality more comprehensively. Second, state some special systems in imperial family. The reign of sovereign had reached culmination in the Qing Dynasty. Empeors mastered the marriage of the royal memebers, and established laws to get authority and the rank system. "ally Manchu people with Mongolians" ,"Designated marriage","selecting yong females as imperial concubine and palace maid",these systems can represnt the instruction and mastery of the royal members' marriage from different point of view.Third,state emperor's ceremonious marriage and princess' ceremonious marriage. Emperor'marriage is an important component in the imperial marriage system, Only when comprehense the institutional rules and the procedures can we discuss the imperial marriage system of Manchu Nationality thoroughly. Based on this consideration, I state the the institution process through quoting some passages from "History of the Qing Dynasty Manuscript" .Princess occupied a special status in the imperial family. In this part, the procedures of princess' marriage will be stated. In the period of the entire Qing Dynasty's dominant process, princess' marriage was mastered under the need of ruling the country, the princess' marriage had obvious political complexion.Forth, overall analysize of the imperial marriage system of Manchu Nationality. Through the historical data and accidents, as well as collected other monographs and the paper viewpoints, the article has obtained some characteristics of the imperial marriage system of Manchu Nationality finally : Manchu nationality marriage system and idea were influenced by Confucianist moral rule deeply; In the imperial family of the Manchu nationality the close relative marriage and the sisters marriage always existed; the imperial family of Manchu nationality mastered the marriage of the members, the imperial marriage system of Manchu Nationality had the national characteristic and also the fusion nature. |
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