"zhuangzi" Health Thought And Its Influence On Literature,

This paper mainly discusses the health thinking of "Zhuang Zi,"and some of its influence to literature. The first four chapters discuss the topic from the ideological background, the content,the theory,and the methods of the heath thinking,while the fifth chaper talk about the influence to literature.The first chapter discuss the development of the health thinking of "Zhuangzi" era, from Pre-Qin thinkers,medicine and Alchemist.At first,Guanzi start the theory of "JingQi"; to Laozi, clearly establish the "Xujing" the general principles of health; text of the "nine defend" a comprehensive inheritance and the development of Lao Tzu's Xujing saying; on the one hand Liezi inheritance Lao Tzu's Xujing theory, on the other hand, the pursuit of free and easy fitness. Maintaining mental tranquility above are required mainly, but Mencius,who lived in the same time of Zhuangzi, state the famous "Yang Qi," a representative Yang Qi theory of development of that era. As for the science of medicine and Fang Shi, inadequate documentation, and not main source of health ideological in "Zhuangzi",discussed slightly abbreviated. Chapter II "Zhuangzi" health ideological connotations. Many evidence indicate that the so-called health thinking included in Zhuangzi, contains two aspects:practice the body and mental inside,and avoid the disaster outside. First the external scourge exsist in the relations between Crowned head and Official." Nourishing the Lord of Life"said:"the Crowned head is everywhere,there is no escape between heaven and earth." Zhuangzi made this "Heart vegetarian," and other measures. Second,scourge comes from the abuse of intelligence. " The Tree on the Mountain "said: "Straight trees will be cut first, and sweety well will dry first." Zhuangzi made this "a useless" theory.ChapterⅢanalysis "Zhuangzi"'s health theory which is the most focus on the local paper. "Heaven and Earth" article said: "In the Grand Beginning (of all things) there was nothing in all the vacancy of space; there was nothing that could be named. It was in this state that there arose the first existence; - the first existence, but still without bodily shape. From this things could then be produced, (receiving) what we call their proper character. That which had no bodily shape was divided; and then without intermission there was what we call the process of conferring. (The two processes) continuing in operation, things were produced. As things were completed, there were produced the distinguishing lines of each, which we call the bodily shape. That shape was the body preserving in it the spirit 5, and each had its peculiar manifestation, which we call its Nature. When the Nature has been cultivated, it returns to its proper character; and when that has been fully reached, there is the same condition as at the Beginning. "This is the whole theory of the Master. "Tao" is the source of the universe, which is "nil"; from "no" unexpected "Yes", called "One", which is "chaotic"; from "one" split for everything. Things all have "body" and "spirit"two aspects, it is from "Tao" derived from, is essentially the same with the "Tao". "Tao" is Xujing essencily, it would also be the essence of things. The so-called health is the oppossite way with the biochemical process of Tao, return to the unity of the state of life with Tao. During this process, to support nature-based, but "nature" often blind, moving performance for the "heart", thus away from the essence. "Heart" major inform intellegence and desire,one is the driving force,the other is the direction. So restraint "intellegence" and "disire", will be the only way to contual the heart.So, being the unity with Tao,the Life can be live for ever.The fourth chapter referred to the specific health method of the "Zhuangzi". "Zhuangzi"'s health methods are mainly Shinsaibashi,Zuowang,and Shouyi,which come from the concept of Xujing and Yangshen.There are little difference between the three, however, Shinsaibashi tend to the process of seeking, Zuowang tend to be the state of Xujing,Shouyi preference for consciously maintaining this Xujing subjective state of mind. The author also put forward the "intellence and quiet both" and "along Du as the way".The former discussed the relationship between Xujing and intellence, told us how to put our mind in the process of self-cultivation, while the latter must comply with letting nature take its course, and between justice laws whatever to the social or ourselves. In addition to involving Lianqi, Daoyin, Fanguan, Milu,Taixi and so on.Fifth chapter talk about the effecttion from the health thinking of "Zhuangzi" to literature. The first is to the literature imagation.In future generations, "Fairy", "Ghost" and "monster" most theme from "Guye God", and the tridition of "make ugly to beautful"is directly from the imagation of the malformation,such as "Zhilishu". The second is the impaction on Ancient literary theory. Ancient literary theory not only directly or indirectly use such as "Body, Qi, and spirit" ,in the concept of health, to discuss literature, given literature the characteristics of life, and gradually established the tradition of"spisit first", which indicate that their history and relationship. Third is the impact on later literiti. First of all it affected their attitude towards life, so that they cherish their own lives in the pursuit of fame at the same time, such as Chi Kang, Sudongpo, who is not only well versed in the theory of Zhuangzi health theory, and to take the health activaty and monographs books handed down. Secondly impact on their attitude to literature, some of the literati Writing Poems itself as a health fitness of the way, pursuiting of self-entertainment, and is no longer abilities, deliberate creation.Compared with the "hard pome creation" literati ,they apparently accepted the "Zhuangzi" thinking of the influence of health and took more sense of life.