The Anglo-american "torch" Action Background And Decision-making Process

This is a dissertation about military history and military diplomacy history,which focuses on the background and formation of Operation Torch.Captain Royal E.Ingersoll,director of Navy War Plan Division,who being directed by President Roosevelt,went to London to meet with the British opposite in 1938.It symbolized a beginning of Anglo-American Strategic cooperation.Till American entering into the war,there were several staff talks between the British and the American in 1939,1940 and 1941.Scope involved had been extended from the Pacific to the Atlantic;armed services involved were added by the Army and the Air. ABC Conversation during January to March 1941 was milestone of Anglo-American strategic co-operations,which set the grand strategy of Europe First.However,owing to different national interests and strategic tradition,there was a different understands of the grand strategy of Europe first.British strategy advocated attrition to enemy through economic blockade,air raid and subversion,when enemy strength was weakening in a decisive campaign would be carried out.American strategy believed that it was better to defeat enemy as soon as possible through the overwhelming forces.From the Arcadia in December 1941 on,the dispute of Anglo-American strategy often was more initiative.Before 1943,British strategy was more tactful and seasoned than that of America.Britain was involved in war for two years in contrast that American army didn't made a grand strategy and had no operation plan in detail.Thus British.strategy became the Allis's strategy for quite a while soon after America entered the war.For instance,Churchill's Gymnast operation put in force and later developed into Operation TorchThere existed a manifest feature of collaboration and conflict in prewar and wartime Anglo-American strategic cooperation.Operation Torch was completed in such background.It was a part of world antifascist campaigns.It symbolized that the allied countries began to take the advantage of World WarⅡ.It also supplied much valuable experiences for the fight against the fascists later.