| Work distribution, namely the division of labor, is an ancient economic phenomenon, the driving force for the development of human history and also the topic that many thinkers are willing to study. Through the ages, controversies surrounding the division have never rested, Marx is one of the most representative figures. For Marx, division and labor exist at the same time, which are inseparable. The development of the human social history has close relationship with human process of division of labor. There created a theory of the division of labor in the fourth century B.C. The theory of the continuous development of the division of labor is the important theory that guides the development of the human social history as well as the important foundation of human social progress.Research of division of labor theory can be divided into three major schools, respectively from the exchange, the production and history to analyze the determinants of the division of labor. Among them, the historical perspective of division of labor theory from Marx is more persuasive.Marx and Engels have expressed the division of labor theory in many of their works. First of all, their division of labor theory is created on the basis of the theory criticizing and inheriting the national economics, It is reflected in Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, Critique Of Political Economy, Capital by Marx and German Ideology by Marx and Engels. Second, in the criticism of the division of the national economics theory, Marx and Engels explained the connotation of division of labor, the essence and the development process,, especially the internal cohesion between the division of labor and the theory of historical materialism and the relationship between the division of labor and the basic category of historical materialism. Finally, by means of the theory content and the analysis of the basic logic of division of labor by Marx and Engels, we can find that not only the division of labor theory is one of the indispensable basic contents of historical materialism system construction, and also the division of labor theory has an important position and a role in the process of creation of historical materialism.As Engels said, under certain historical condition with material economic living conditions, historical materialism is to explain everything on historical events, ideas, politics, philosophy and religion. At present, it is particularly important how to innovate the new horizon of historical materialism, how to advance the combination of historical materialism and the era, and how the historical materialism play the role of guidance role in the new era. Further study of division of labor theory to promote innovation and development of historical materialism has extremely important theory significance and practice value in the new period. First, the division of labor is the basis to explore the nature of economic globalization. With the development of the contemporary capitalist society division of labor in worldwide, economic globalization begins. It is a reflection of capital as a factor in the new era and is also the capital of globalization. Second, the division of labor theory has a important value in generation and development of high-tech and booming of knowledge productivity in terms of promoting social and economic development. The contemporary high-tech is a product of the development of division of labor, as well as the necessary premise of the fusion between manual labour and mental labour. And as a new factor, knowledge has played a more and more important role in the advancing of social economy. Third, the combing of the innovation of historical materialism theory still cannot leave support of Marx’s theory of division of labor. Systematical and deep exploration of Marx’s theory of division of labor is always the necessary condition for innovation and development of historical materialism theory. As times change, we need to deepen the understanding of the origin and characteristics of Marx’s theory of division of labor. Many new forms of division of labor keep emerging in the new period, thus new understanding of the connotation of Marx’s theory of division of labor is necessary for our innovation theory of historical materialism. |
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