Ma The Bosi Want Dynasty

Ma Xiangbo (1840-1939), who lived in modern times in China, had extensive interests and rich knowledge. Although he was devoted to study on politics, religions, education and so on, he was unknown to the public because of historical reasons. Scholars in the mainland in China, from the 1980s onwards, have come to shed light on him. However, they only concentrate on his education and language grammars rather than on his thoughts and ideas as whole. What's more, lack of materials becomes the roadblock to the study on him exactly.This papers, based on Collections of Ma Xiangbo edited by Zhu Weizheng, who is a famous professor in historical department in Fudan University and other references, separately dwell on seven aspects of his achievements: politics, education, religions, culture, science, diplomacy and industry. To make an analysis on his thoughts, according to his social background and historical situations, he should be put into the century life of China meanwhile a discovery should be made in his historical missions and his answers to the social problems. Further study on the cause of his thoughts and its features, and his class limitations is carried on. Compared with his contemporaries, the suitable evaluation and social position is given to Ma Xiangbo. Most exploration in his thoughts is the first taste at home as well as in academic fields.Politics: Ma Xiangbo was a democrat who was interested in politics. He introduced the western politics into China, which promoted China's political reform. His political thoughts included theory of the state, national people, theory of the party, constitutionalism, democracy and republicanism. Ma Xiangbo's political thoughts symbolized his ideal society in the future.In terms of education, Ma Xiangbo is one of the famous educationists in modern Chinese, who achieved a lot in the field. He founded Shanghai Zhendan College and Fudan Public School, jointly constructed Furen University and planned to build Chinese Humanity College - Han Xia Cao Wen Yuan (Chinese Academy) . These activities embodied his thoughts of education for China, independent education and academic freedom, as well as education to save the country and the national education centered around China. Ma Xiangbo pioneered the times by his educational undertaking and thoughts, therefore he held a stand in modern Chinese history of education.Ma Xiangbo, as a catholic, is a religious patriotic in modern Chinese history. He actively called for religious freedom and freedom of beliefs, and objected to Confucious' thoughts as the national religion. Meanwhile, he advocated the Catholic reform, the localization of the church and the academic missions. He opposed the extermination of the religion. He was one of the pioneers for the initiative of the Chinese church. , and obtained great achievements. He treated Chinese traditional culture dialecticallyCulture and thoughts: Ma Xiangbo was adept at foreign and Chinese cultures and fought against the scholasticism and Confucian philosophy. But he advocated Chinese poetry and literature and thoughts of other sages in China. At the same time, he put forwards his ideas that foreign cultures and Chinese cultures should be in perfectharmony and learn from each other. Taking advantage of foreign grammars, he illustrated ancient Chinese rules and discussed the logic rules from the aspect of syntactic analysis further, had original ideas on the issues of translation too.Ma Xiangbo had an abundant knowledge of math, astronomy, and so on. He opposed the view of turning science against religion, and considered that theology and science were not only expelled, but they complemented each other. In teaching and academic activities, he presented the principles of advocating science and not advocating religious thoughts. He called on the youths to study and develop science and save the country by the means of science. As a religious advocator, he recommended science, thus he contributed a lot for the development of Chinese science.Ma Xiangbo's diplomatic thought i...