| The hugely bad assets of banks produced against the background of the economic reform in China have become noticeable to us and are threatening Chinese financial safety in such an environment that the planned economy is being transferred to the market economy. It looks more and more important to establish an effective system of commercial banks' withdrawal from market to deal with the risks. In this dissertation, the author tries to give out his viewpoints on how to establish Chinese system of commercial banks' withdrawal from market adapting for Chinese reality on the basis of drawing lessons from those abroad.This dissertation consists of the analysis of commercial banks' withdrawal abroad, the analysis of Chinese banks' present situation, which is compared with that of other countries, and the viewpoints to Chinese system of commercial banks' withdrawal in the future.In the aspect of foreign banking, the dissertation mainly analyzes the commercial banks' withdrawals in U.S.A and Japan. U.S.A, as a developed country, has prosperous markets and the strict legal system, which make its system of commercial banks' withdrawal standard and operated smoothly. A system is usually established and consummated against the background of history and conditions at that time. 1929~1933's crisis brought a huge loss to U.S.A, which then stipulated the unit banking system, prevented the pervasion of crisis and strengthened the supervisions and controls of banking businesses. From then on, on the matter of dealing with problem banks, the unit banking system, which led to a number of banks established, makes it possible for many of those American problem banks to go bankrupt and the capital market is also applied for the sale of bad assets. Dealing with problembanks in the way of administrative intervention is impossible in U.S.A believing in that a business should be operated freely.Opposite to U.S.A, the history and the role Japanese government acts as in the economy bring about the administrative intervention to the supervisions and controls of banking. The ways of controlling finance in the Second World War and the ideas of loyalty to motherland greatly influence the way of Japanese supervisions and controls of banking since the end of the war. So Japan can use the measure of administrative intervention directly to limit the competition in banking and protect all banks without outside censure when it tries to let the finance support the Economic Recovery Program. It can't be denied that the measure supplies a stabile financial situation and powerful monetary support for Japanese economic development at that time. But from the later 1970s' on, with the strikes of the financial deregulation and the economic depressions, the financial stability protected only by the administrative intervention has been weakened and the way dealing with crisis to protect all financial institutions can't be maintained any longer. The administrative intervention, with the nature of uncertainty, becomes powerless in the face of complex businesses of banks and the financial liberalization. Moreover, there are also some features in the factors resulting in bad assets of banks and the ways to deal with problem banks in the Eastern European Countries, which are in the economic transition. In the transition countries, bad assets didn't come into being from the planned economies, but from the transitions of systems. When dealing with problem banks, the governments of the Eastern European countries have to operate as a main role to avoid bankruptcy, which may shock societies, for the background of the economic depressions and the defectivemarkets. Poland is outstanding in the ways of dealing with bad assets and problem banks. When analyzing the situation of Chinese banks, this dissertation tries to compare it with those of other countries to draw lessons. Firstly, Chinese banking and that of Japan are so similar in the outside environments and their features (such as the powerful administrative intervention, the... |
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