Study Of China's Agricultural Insurance System

China is a big agriculture country. The problem of agriculture, countryside and farmer is a big problem which puzzles our country economy development very much. We should find more ways to solve the problem, and the agricultural insurance is one of the ways. At present agriculture in our country is being in the stage from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture development. The degree of modernization of agricultural infrastructure, science and technology are enhanced unceasingly, but unexpected natural disasters and market risks often threaten advancement of agricultural development. Agriculture development objectively need transfer risks through agriculture development. Especially after China joined in World Trade Organization (WTO), the protection of agriculture is defined to the non-price protection in a great degree. So as one of the few "green box" policy, agricultural insurance becomes the important way to support and protect our country agriculture. Taking development of modern agricultural insurance into important agenda, establishing and consummating agricultural insurance system which suits our national condition have positive and practical significance to the solution of the problem of agriculture, countryside and farmer.The research on agricultural insurance of our country is not much. People are not familiar about agricultural insurance. So firstly this paper limits the meaning of agricultural insurance. The author explicates the policy characteristic of agricultural insurance which is the public goods. And the author makes the analysis to the differences and the relations between general insurance and agricultural insurance, in order to make people to understand the agricultural insurance clearly.We should understand the history, the present situation and the problem of agricultural insurance of our country. It is the foundation of establishing the modern agricultural insurance. The agricultural insurance of our country has experiences fast development to the murky development time (in 1982-2003 year) and the broken ice and the elevation of the temperature development time (2004-until now) two stages. Recently, the scope of experiment expanded gradually. The achievement is gratifying, but it is still many problems. Now, we have many problems either on the legal construction, the environment government or on the insurance main body cultivation, insurance pattern foundation and financial support. These all left behind a very big research space for the agricultural insurance topic.The advanced experiences of developed countries had provided the very good model for the establishment and consummation of our agricultural insurance system. Each country takes agricultural insurance seriously in the world. All the countries' governments regard agricultural insurance as one part of the policies of countryside relief, agriculture loan, and price protection of agricultural products, farmers' welfare and so on to stabilize agricultural production and increase the farmers' income. The US, Canada, Japan, France and India have the representation of these countries. They have different agricultural insurance development pattern according to their national condition. The US and Canada use the government leading pattern. Japan uses the mutual society pattern under the government support. France uses the "pyramid" like pattern which managed by people and subsidized by the state. India and Philippines use the national selectivity support pattern. Although they use different patterns, their governments all support the agricultural insurance very much. At the same time, in order to making up the market mechanism flaws of disposition resources, many countries increase the governments' ability of intervening agricultural insurance through legislation to guarantee smooth development of agricultural insurance. In 1938, America took the lead to promulgate "Federation Crops Law of Insurance". Hereafter, Canada passed and promulgated "Crops Law of Insurance" in 1959. Japan promulgated three related agricultural laws of insurance, namely "Domestic Animal Law of Insurance" and "Agricultural Law of Insurance" and "Agricultural Disaster Compensation Laws" in 1929, 1938 and 1947. In September, 1978, Philippine president signed and issued "Presidential Order of Establishing Philippine Crops Insurance Company", that is "Crops Law of Insurance".Our country should learn from the developed countries, summarize the experiment experiences, and then explore our agricultural insurance pattern according to our national condition. Comparing the patterns we canselect, the author thinks we can adopt the commercial insurance company managing pattern under the government leading and supporting. We can take the Agricultural Development Bank of China to undertake the rule of government policy. The management main body may be the existing commercial insurance company, difference archery target economic organizations and the agricultural policy insurance company. The agricultural insurance legislation is always the dispute problem. There is the approval but also the opposition. The author thought that the agricultural insurance legislation is not only necessary, but also is feasible. The key is how to choose the appropriate legislation mentality and the legislation pattem. At present, the agricultural insurance legislation may adopt the type of gradually way. We can first formulate "Agricultural Insurance Implementation Rule", make the experiment widespread, then promulgates "Agricultural Insurance Law" nation widely, revises and consummate it gradually. In the aspect of the basic system design, we should first explicit the legislation goal and the principle, then make the various agriculture main bodies and those responsibility and right clear. We should construct the basic system including the agricultural reinsurance, great agricultural disaster venture capital and so on.