Government Expert Advisory System

The scientific, democratic and law administration is the basic requirement of modern administration. Different from it in the period of traditional industries, modern public administration grows a demand day by day in the knowledge and technology ,and the government officials and the public are even more obvious in the rational limitation, those who can provide the specialized knowledge and the technical service and strengthen our officials and the general public act rationally, then improve scientific style of the public administration and democratization are mainly experts from various professions. By analysing the government, the public and the experts' behavior's attribute as well as the domestic and foreign public administration realistic condition and the future tendency, this article attempts to demonstrate the necessity of the expert advisory system for the public administration. At the same time, through revealing the problems that exist in the practice of the experts' advice, and learning the practical experience from foreign countries, it aims to probe into the perfecting way for our government expert advisory system.This article, mainly using the basic principles of political science, public administration science, decision-making science, management science and law science to research the necessity and significant practical conduct of experts to provide intellectual support for public management and, in conjunction with the analysis of the typical cases, points out that the main problem of our advisory system, then discuss the way to improve our government expert advisory system.This article has three parts roughly:Part one: The connotation of government expert advisory system and its existent reason and the practical significance. The expert advisory is a theoretical foundation lying in the country theory, the Consultations democratic theory and the professional theory. According to these theories and researching through the practice of expert advisory, both domestic and foreign, it can come to this conclusion: now we are living in a era in which knowledge and information mean economy, that knowledge and information on the importance of the development of productive forces have become increasingly prominent. The experts who are engaged in professional research, with professional knowledge and skills, should effectively participate in the process of public management. Generally speaking, many governmental acts are in the course of gambling among the governments and the citizens, as well as the public interest and the personal interest. In the various types of government-citizen gambles and interest gambles, the officials and citizens are possible to damage the public interests to pursue self-benefits, then lead to low rational degree of social management. Compared with government officials and the public, the experts who have professional knowledge and ability can balance the social relationship with high rationality. As the basic requirement of modern administer, it applies the involvement of experts to realize the scientific administration, democratic administration and administration ruled by law. The experts play important roles in the public crisis management. The improvement of consultation expert institution assures a scientific and democratic process of government's decision.Part two: existing problems in the practice of government expert consult. First, the experts have less independent personality than others in foreign countries. On the one hand, it is the expert consult institution that has reliance upon the government at different degree, leading to low level of social and technical rationality. On the other hand, the experts' opinions have slight influences upon the administrative decision-making. The experts just provide the basis for governmental decision in many cases, and the government always ignores the disagreement from the expert as well. Secondly, the experts always lose necessary rationality in certain circumstances, because the experts possibly abandon their neutral positions under the pressure from government officers and interest groups, provide advices with tendency, become tools of acquiring profits. Finally, there are a variety of dissimilation phenomena in the expert consult course. The influence from government officers and interest groups and the limit of professional knowledge is due to puppet expert, excessive intervention on administrative affairs, even develops knowledge right decision-making system.Part three: our government' expert consultation system is urgent to be perfected through the five ways as follows: the first: perfecting the experts' database and consultation system. This aspect is realized through mostly constructing experts' brain-trust, fostering highly-making experts, diversifying the participating ways and perfecting consultation net web. The second, persisting in the principle of expert consultation. The process of consultation would follow the basic principles as expert personality independence, neutral position, finite participation and opening process; the third, strengthening the balanced mechanism. As for choosing the experts ways, our government should consider the experts' representative on specialty, benefit, section, even the gender, in the process of consultation, permitting the opponent to convey their viewpoints adequately, publicize the process of consultation to the masses. In this way, the experts' knowledge predominance can come into effect adequately, and society sense and technique sense would not be lowered. Fourthly, making clear the experts' right and obligation. One the one hand, the experts hold the right of making suggestions and delivering a just say, on the other hand, experts bear the obligation of doing for the common's behalf. In the process of offering consultation, experts should follow the professional integrity, or else, experts would be responsible for the corresponding law obligation or the negative consequence according to the regulation of experts' inside institute; Fifthly, advancing our government's expert consultation system. We should follow the situation of a country to adopt the method of dispersing lawmaking to consummate expert consultation system and other mechanism concerned, making the government' expert consultation law in the right time.By analyzing and discussing the practice on both domestic and foreign expert advice through related basic theories, the paper can arrive at a conclusion as follows: First, Governmental social management must have the effective participation of experts. Firstly, there is reliable theoretical foundation in the governmental social management. Secondly, from the perspective of humanity, governmental social management must involve participation of experts. Finally, the existence of government expert advisory system is necessary for development of modern administration. Second, during the public management in our government, experts frequently expose to limitations with regard to subjectivity and objectivity and accompany by alienation. Third, Government expert advisory system needs to improve, which mostly sticks to the principles of expert consultation and strengthens the balanced mechanism.