Five-power Constitution Thought

This article analyzes the theory sources and unique advantages of the five-power constitution theory. It also point out the limitation of the five-power constitution theory. This article also gives considerations to some social issues in contemporary China with its thinking by using the discrimination between power and ability and the balance between power and ability as a main link.The article consists of five parts:Part 1 describes the process of the making of the five-power constitution theory. Mr. Sun Yat-Sen established the systematic theory of five-power constitution in the long-term revolutionary practice and seeking the truth from the Western countries. The five-power constitution theory is based on the division of three kinds of people which is the focal point of this part.Part 2 describes the systematic contents of the five-power constitution theory, including the static five-power constitution theory which contains the discrimination between power and ability, the balance between power and ability, the five powers' separation, the relations between five powers and local autonomy and the dynamic five-power constitution theory which contains three stages that called ruled by army stage, governed by The Chinese People Party stage and governed by constitution stage.Part 3 describes that the advantages of the five-power constitution theory. By researching the separation of the three powers charter and developing Chinese traditional administrative supervision system and imperial examination system, Mr. Sun Yat-Sen elaborates the completeness of the political systems of five- powers' separation and the advantages of four direct people's powers and indicates a combination of the Chinese and Western characters.Part 4 describes the ideal and the reality about the five-power constitution theory. Although "Republic of China Political Tutelage-Time Constitution", "May-fifth Constitution Draft" and "Republic of China Constitution" have implemented the five-power constitution theory to some extent, but some revision has been made. The five-power constitution theory doesn't really realize in the political system.Part 5 describes the history value of the five-power constitution theory. We can get some precious experiences from the five-power constitution theory. Mr. Sun Yat-Sen seeks truth from facts when he researches the western political system and Chinese traditional political system. The idea of local autonomy and making the administrative supervision system and the imperial examination system independent can help us develop democratic reforms.