The Study Of Marmota Himalayana Migrant Among Different Families Within Small Scale

Marmota himalayana is the main host animal of Tibetan Himalayan marmot plague natural foci and mainly lives in high mountain meadow from 2500 to 5200m. The research of Marmota himalayana ecology is very important for us to know the transmission pattern of plague among Marmota himalayana and to make effective method for plague prevention and control. A lot of ecology researches has been done with traditional method, but there are only fewer researches about Marmota himalayana ecology with molecular markers. We do some preliminary study about migrant of Marmota himalayana and evaluate the effect of geography isolation to disperse.110 clones including microsatellite sequence were obtained by constructing partially genome library. Some of the clones have two microsatellite sequences. At last,76 clones (47.79%) had been selected to design primers. Among these loci, the number of CT/AG, CA/TG, CG/GC loci are 12,58,5, and the repeat number are 13-24,8-27,5-9 respectively. Each of TTTG and TTTA only has one locus with 4 repeats for each locus.1-3 pairs of primers had been designed for each locus.13 perfect pairs of primers were selected from the 76 pairs by electrophoresis on a 15% denatured polyacrylamide gel and capillary electrophoresis. Each of the 13 pairs of primers got 5-17 alleles respectively. Finally 119 alleles were obtained, for each locus,there were 9.15 alleles on average. Mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.714, ranged from 0.500 to 0.879.Shannon index was ranged from 1.790-3.524 with the mean was 2.564.This suggested all of the 13 selected loci were highly polymorphic. Capillary electrophoresis can detected more alleles due to the character of microsatellite sequences itself and the resolving power of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Genetic analysis revealed that all of the 8 Marmota himalayana families were in genetic equilibrium. Gene flow among families prevent families from genetic differentiation. FamilyⅧhas private alleles at 3 loci,and the frequency are not low. This suggests that familyⅧhas different origin with the other families. From AMOVA analysis and Fst, we found that ridge has more significant effect than ravine. Marmota himalayana did not show sex bias within this scale.Microsatellite marker as a effective tool can be used in the research of Marmota himalayana ecology. Molecular ecology coupled with filed ecology can deeply reveal the dynamics of Marmota himalayana population.