| The wetland in Nanjishan is a sensitizing area for migratory birds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. For the purpose of understanding living conditions of birds especially wintering waterbirds, the bird diversity was investigated using point count method from October 2009 to March 2010; behaviors of wintering waterbirds were observed by the methods of continuous-time sampling and focal animal sampling, and their ecological niche were studied by the method of scan sampling. Results indicated that:(1) A total of 106 species and 47 516 individuals were recorded, which belonging to 70 genus, 35 families and 10 orders. The species of Passeriformes (including 45 species, 7 509 individuals and 17 families) were the most abundant. Fifty-five species and 39 732 individuals of the waterbirds were recorded, which belonging to 14 families and 6 orders. Generally, 4 dominant species and 14 common species had been observed in the reserve. Among the 106 species, 35 species were residents, 71 species were migrants which consist of 47 winter migrants, 15 summer migrants and 9 travel birds. For the avifauna, the birds in this study were dominated by the palaearctic element. Concerning their preciousness, 5 species were listed in B2W, 10 species were listed in CITES, 7 species were listed in RDB of China and 12 species belong to national key protected birds.(2) During these 5 months, the H′index (from high to low) was as follows: October (4.52), December (3.76), November (2.74), March (2.58) and January (1.50). In the 3 habit types, the H′index (from high to low) was as follows: grass land (3.71), village farm (3.49) and lake (2.51). The bird communities of the village farm and grass land habitats showed similar, while those of village farm and lake habitats were not.(3) A total of 48 species and 38 454 individuals were recorded, which belonging to 30 genus, 14 families, and 6 orders according to the study on the distribution of waterbirds among the 9 lakes. Species of the Charadriiformes and numbers of the Anseriformes were the most abundant in the total. The species of Zhanbei Lake and the numbers of Changhu Lake were the most abundant in these 9 lakes, while Nihu Lake was in shortage. The H′index of waterbirds in the Baisha Lake was the biggest, and followed by the Zhanbei Lake according to the diversity index analysis. Xiabeijia Lake and Fengwei Lake showed the most similar, while those of Fengwei Lake and Changhu Lake were the lowest according to the similarly analysis.(4) From the observation on the behaviors of these 6 wintering waterbirds, the results indicated that Anas poecilorhyncha, Ardea cinerea and Anser fabalis mostly showed standing still behavior, accounting for 62.26%, 53.76% and 53.47% of their whole daytime behaviors, respectively. Swimming was the major behavior of Tachybaptus ruficollis and Podiceps cristatus (56.16% and 46.07%, respectively), while Tringa erythropus preferred to feeding behavior very much (81.46%).(5) The results of the study on feeding niche of 6 wintering waterbirds showed that time niche breadth of Tachybaptus ruficollis, Podiceps cristatus, Tringa erythropus and Anser fabalis were wide, equal to 0.979, 0.978, 0.956 and 0.915, respectively. The space niche breadth of Podiceps cristatus was the highest, equal to 0.809, while Anas poecilorhyncha was the lowest, equal to 0.098. The time niche overlap index between Anser fabalis and Tringa erythropus was the highest, equal to 0.901, while the Anas poecilorhyncha and Ardea cinerea was the lowest, equal to 0.360. The space niche overlap index of Anas poecilorhyncha and Anser fabalis was the highest, equal to 0.716, but without an overlap between Anas poecilorhyncha and Ardea cinerea, Anas poecilorhynch and Tringa erythropus. |
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