Isolation And Characterization Of Reference Organic Matter From Soil, Sediment, And Blue Algae

Humic substance is an important component in terrestrial surface environment. More and more researches indicated that it plays an important role in physical, chemical, and biological processes of terrestrial ecosystem, and it is the important cycling routes of matter and energy and relates with nearly all the important links of ecosystem. So humic substance is the important study field of biogeochemistry, ecology and environment science etc. At the present, there are no reference humic substances of China, and the isolation methods are various, so humic substances have the differences on the structures and properties, and the researches on humic substances are uncomparable. There are much more research on the humic substances in water environment, soil, and sediment recently, so it needs much more humic substances isolated with the same method to do the experiments. Now, we have no uniform method to isolate substances, and the standard humic substances isolation in China is blank. Therefore isolating reference humic substances from typical soil, sediment, and blue algae in China is a scientific event. Fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin were isolated from soil(Jiufeng Forest, Beijing) and sediment(Lake Taihu, Jiangsu) with the recommended method by International Humic Substances Society(IHSS). And we isolate organic matter from blue algae of Tai Lake into two components. To compare with IHSS reference samples, all samples isolated were characterized by elemental analyzer, UV-VIS, fluorescence spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared(FT-IR), and 13C NMR.Chapter I includes the background, study implications, technical routes, and originality. Chapter II introduces isolating method, characterization method, and materials used in the study. Chapter III were focused on FA, HA, and Humin respectively of soil and sediment, also discusses the two components from blue algae. And soil FA, sediment FA, and IHSS FA were compared in Chapter IV, and the soil HA, sediment HA, and IHSS HA were also discussed in it. Chapter V discusses the FAs, HAs from different sources such as soils, sediment, blue algae, and water, and so on. Chapter VI is a conclusion one.The results show that the elemental composition of FA, HA, and Humin from soil are similar with each other, and the aromatic degree order is:soil HA>soil FA>soil Humin. While the aromatic degree order of sediment FA, HA, and Humin is: sediment FA>sediment HA>sediment Humin. However, the aromatic degree of the two components of organic matter from blue algae is a little lower, and from the analyzing of fluorescence spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared(FT-IR), and 13C NMR, we can know that the two components are protein-like materials, so we can conclude that the materials isolated from the blue algae are the protein-like matters. Compared with the IHSS FA, soil FA and sediment FA have the similar structure with IHSS FA, and they are comparable to reaching the international level, and their aromatic degree order is:IHSS FA>soil FA>sediment FA. However, soil HA and sediment HA have a similar elemental composition and structure, and their aromatic degree order is: soil HA>sediment HA>IHSS HA. Different sources cultivate different humic substances, and due to different origins and environment conditions of humic matters, they have a little difference on elemental composition and structure, the organic matters in algae have much more fat and protein, and lowest aromatic degree, while there is a little protein-like materials in sediment HA.