The Toxic Effects Of Anionic Surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) And Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) Anthracene On Ruditapes Philippinarum

In recent years, with the intensification of marine pollution, pollution pattern is gradually changed from a single pollution to combined pollution, and a variety of new organic pollutants emerge. Anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and typical organic pollutantpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - anthracene are selected as contaminants to detect their acute toxicity action and effects on the activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in Ruditapes philippina- rum. The 2×2 factorial analysis is used to evaluate the combined toxicity of SDS and anthracene. The results are as follows:1. The acute toxicity of SDS and anthracene on Ruditapes philippinarumMethod using experimental ecology, the Manila clam is exposed to different conc- entrations of SDS and anthracene solution, then statistics the mortality of 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) is calculated through regression equation obtained by unit conversion.The results show that, the 96h LC50 of SDS is 1.466mg / L. SDS is a high-toxic substances for Ruditapes philippinarum. The higher the concentration of SDS, the stronger the toxicity for Ruditapes philippinarum. With the increasing of the concentration of anthracene, the acute toxicity of clams gradually increase, but within 120h mortality is still less than 20% .So the LC50 of anthracene on Ruditapes philippinarum can not be obtained . It shows that the acute toxicity of SDS is significantly greater than anthracene acute toxicity. 2. The effect of SDS and anthracene on Ruditapes activities of antioxidant enzymesAccording to the results of acute toxicity test, expose Ruditapes philippinarum in different concentrations of SDS (the control group, 0.01 mg / L, 0.1 mg / L, 0.2 mg / L, 0.5mg / L) and anthracene (control group, DMSO control group , 0.007 mg / L low concentration group, 0.07 mg /L in the concentration group, 0.7mg / L high concentration group) .Each group have 3L seawater and 30 domesticated philippinarum in a glass tank, and the experimental time is 15d. Sample mantle organization, visceral mass and muscle tissue (including axes foot and adductor muscle) at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d, 15d. Each concentration group sample 3 individuals to determine antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT) activities.The results show that:SDS duress significantly change the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. Low concentrations of SDS induce the activities of all the three enzymes; High concentrations of SDS inhibit SOD and CAT conversely, while the GSH-Px activities increase in the first and then decrease. For SOD,CAT and GSH-Px activity, the same sensitivity of three different organizations is viscera mass > mantle> muscle tissue. Therefore, the SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activity levels of the visceral mass can be used as the sensitive direction indicators of SDS duress on Ruditapes philippinarumSOD, CAT and GSH-Px have different induction and inhibition reactions to anthracene duress, and three different organizations have different sensitivities to anthracene duress. For SOD, the sensitivity of three different organizations is viscera mass> muscle >tissue mantle. For CAT, the sensitivity of three different organizations is viscera mass > mantle> muscle tissue while the sensitivity of three different organizations is mantle> muscle tissue> viscera mass for GSH-Px. Therefore, the SOD,CAT activity levels of the visceral mass and the GSH-Px activity level of the mantle can be used as the sensitive direction indicators of anthracene duress on Ruditapes philippinarum3. The joint effect of SDS and anthracene on Ruditapes philippinarumMethod using experimental ecology ,expose Ruditapes philippinarum in different toxic treatment groups: control group (no SDS and anthracene), SDS treatment group (0.2mg / L), anthracene treatment group (0.07mg / L), SDS&anthracene treatment group (0.2 mg / LSDS +0.07 mg / L anthracene). Each group has 3L seawater and 30 domesticated philippinarum in a glass tank, and the experimental time is 15d. Sample Mantle organizations (including water organizations), visceral mass, muscle tissue (including axes foot and adductor muscle) at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d, 15d. Each concentration group sample 3 individuals to determine antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT) activities.Experimental results show that, SDS & anthracene have combined effects on the Ruditapes philippinarum. Combined with analysis of variance table and contour map of interaction, the combined effects and interaction of SDS & anthracene have an obvious relationship with time-effect. For the SOD activity of visceral mass tissue and SOD , CAT activity of muscle tissue, the combined effects of SDS & anthracene demonstrate a synergy in the whole process; for the CAT activity of mantle and visceral mass at 6d, the SOD activity of the viscera mass and muscle tissue, the CAT activity of the visceral mass and the GSH-Px activity of the muscle tissue at 12d, SDS& anthracene have no interaction and combined effects , and the toxic effects are single-oriented; for others , the joint effects of SDS & anthracene have an antagonism at 6d , and then the antagonism gradually become into a synergy at 12d, which make the toxicity of combined pollution increased dramatically.