| The Three Gorges Reservoir operates by the " storing clear and releasing muddy " mode with water level at 175 m in winter and l45m in summer since it has been flooding. The drastic seasonal variation in water level of as much as 30 meters has led to the development of a wide area of wetlands in the Three Gorges water-level-fluctuation zone. Covering 348.9 km~2, the Three Gorges water-level-fluctuation zone is the largest of its kind in China. As the stability issue of the bank slope and the environmental impact of the fluctuating area gradually surface, the effective conservation and utilization of the Three Gorges water-level-fluctuation zone has become an ecological problem of significant concern both at home and abroad.To minimize the adverse effects of the water-level-fluctuation zone, and to ensure the ecological security of Kai County, Chongqing, the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir, a dam has been constructed, which maintains a regular water level of 168.5 m. Consequently, a unique"municipal lake"—Han Feng Lake and its typical dual-water-level-fluctuation were formed, and in addition 14.48km~2 of the water-level fluctuation zone was also reduced. Besides, the fluctuation range of Han Feng Lake changed from 22.5m to 6.5m. It maintains the high water level at 175m in winter , and 168.5m while the water level of Three Gorges Reservoir drops to145m in summer. To coordinate the relationship between development and conservation, and to reach the win-win situation for economic development and ecological environment protection, Han Feng Lake Wetland Park was formed in Kai County,which is believed to be the optimum choice to the end of sustainable development for this region.Taking Han Feng Lake in Kai County as an example, this paper studies the ecological planning of wetland parks. The present work not only aims at enriching the theory of wetland ecology, but also providing valuable guidance to the construction of wetland parks and the symbiosis of man and environment in urban settings.On the basis of a systematic survey of Han Feng Lake, its surrounding environment and wetland resources, combined with the latest trends in the development of wetland park at home and abroad, and in addition considering the need to preserve the urban living environment and the water quality of Han Feng Lake, this study systematically evaluated the wetland resources and wetland ecosystem and mapped out function areas of this park. The ecological planning of each area was discussed with special emphasis on the fluctuation of water level and the related adaptative and control measures.Qualitative and quantitative research on the wetland resources of the studied area was conducted. HanFeng Lake boasts rich flora and fauna, diverse wetland landscape and high habitat heterogeneity. It is characterized by wilderness, representativeness, diversity as well as rarity and vulnerability. In accordance with the "National Wetland Evaluation Criteria"(LY/T 1754-2008),the overall ecosystem of Han Feng Lake Wetland Park, including three individual items, namely, wetland ecosystem, environment and landscape quality are evaluated as "excellent", indicating that this ecosystem is a representative and typical wetland environment of good quality and high values.Based on the general principles and methods of wetland ecological planning, this article is functioning as an exploration of how to devise principles and methods in the water-level-fluctuation zone according to the characteristics of Han Feng Lake ecosystem. The ecological planning for wetland park in the water-level-fluctuation zone should follow some principles, such as principles of flexibility, adaptation, integrity , nature protection, graduality. Ecological planning methods in this article are centered on data collections, functions categorization as well as the conservation for the wetland habitats and waterfowl community in water-leve-fluctuation zone, wetland plant community reconstruction, water ecological environment and lakeshore ecological conservation planning, and eco-tourism.Having combined the latest trends in the development of wetland park at home and abroad and considered the protection needs of the quality of urban living environment and HanFeng Lake water in Kai County, this article divides HanFeng Lake Wetland Park into five functional areas which include Hanfeng wetland ecological reservation area, wetland resources effective area, Wuyang wetland ecological islands, Pilot area of comprehensive management of the Xiaoluodai wetland and comprehensive management and service area. According to the function of each area, wetland resources, demands of wetland ecology and wetland ecological tourism, a systematic analysis is made in this article for ecological construction plans of each area. Subsequently, this article conducts systematic analysis of the ecological plannings of each functional areas mentioned above based on the characteristic of water-level-fluctuation, actual condition and demand of reservation. Further, the adaptive plannings are made for the conservation for Han Feng Lake wetland habitats and waterfowl community according to plant reconstruction in the water-fluctuation zone, water ecological environment and lakeshore ecological conservation planning, and eco-tourism. |
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