Develop Toxicity Of Ion Liquid On Goldfish

Chemical industry and chemical research are due to develop into the direction of clean, low-consume and efficiency. Traditional chemical reaction and isolation process involve large amount of easy organic dissolvent, it will cause severe pollution to the environment, thus, a new type of"green dissolvent"– ion liquid is born.The influence of ion liquid to ecosystem is still unknown. So it is necessary to go further investigation of its influence on ecosystem, and analysis the environmental risk, this study is a basic investigation of the toxicity of this ion liquid to goldfish. Among the ion liquid, the ion liquid as the majority is always the hotspot of research because of its unique structure and features. This study chose bromide as the objective, assessed its toxicity. This thesis mainly focused on the effects of on goldfish embryo, goldfish larvae and adults. The main results are as follows:1. The toxicity of ion liquid to goldfish embryoDuring the study of influence of [C₈mim]Br to every develop phases of goldfish embryo, the experiment included a control group and four treated groups, which contained . results showed that the effects of [C₈mim]Br to goldfish embryo are: 210mg/L(cleavage phase),181mg/L(early gastrula),250mg/L (blastopore closure period),285mg/L(heartbeat period). And C₈mim]Br could lead deformity. The symptoms are decrease of yolk absorption, yolk enlargement, and collapse; curved body, arched or curved tail; the ability of larvae swimming decease and spin and so on. and so on. C₈mim]Br could cause lethal effect , in addition, treatments from different phases would effect the morality, respectively the cleavage phase, early gastrula, blastopore closure period and heartbeat period. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the larval length and the concentration of [C₈mim]Br, the higher the concentration, the shorter the body length.2. The toxicity to goldfish larvaeUse [C₈mim]Br to treat every develop phases of larvae, which included six phases Pectoral fin formation, swim bladder formation, the formation of the digestive tract and gills, anal fin formation, scale formation, juvenile, the semi-lethal concentrations are 141.807 mg/L,166.53 mg/L,141.618mg/L, 98.373mg/L,86.62mg/L,144.986 mg/L. the time for the develop are 1d,2d,3d,4d,10d,25d. the results demonstrated that during the period of scale formation, the semi-lethal concentration is the minimal, the resistance capacity is the least one. While during swimming baldder formation, the semi-lethal concentration is maximum and the resistance is highest.3. The toxicity to adult goldfishBy acute toxin test we got the semi-lethal concentration was 248.8 mg/L. and prepared the gill, liver, kidney, small intestine, skin and scales samples for SEM and paraffin to investigate the detrimental effects and the potential mechanisms for that. The results showed that there were obvious damage to the organs, among which the severest is the gill, small intestine and liver. This result demonstrated that the ion liquid could accumulate and do harm to organs through surface interaction or digestive system or even absorption of digestive system to enter the inner of tissue.The experiment contained six groups, got the samples after treated 6h,12h,24h,48h and 72h and measured the the index of antioxidation. This study used such indicators are CAT SOD GSH GPX ROS MDA. Results showed that during the exposure of ion liquid, the first 12h the ROS in the body of goldfish increased sharply, and then MDA increased along with it, but when it reached a certain level, it was the plateau, consequently since ROS MDA continued to increase, that exceeded the clean capacity of ROS, then the activity of these enzymes decreased. In summary, [C₈mim]Br had severe toxicity on goldfish embryo and larvae, ion liquid could enter the tissue and accumulate in the aim organ through surface interaction or digestive system even absorption of digestive system, then could cause damage to the body.