Study On Modification And Properties Of Oil Adsorbent Materials Based On Natural Macromolecule

With the rapid development of petrochemical industry and widely use of petroleum products, the water environment polluted by oil spill tend to be more and more serious in the past years. Therefore, the development of high efficient oil adsorbents is practical important. In this study, natural macromolecule raw corn stalk (RCS) and reed were selected as raw material, fatty acid (stearic acid, oleic acid, decanoic acid) and H₂O₂/NaOH were used to modify raw corn stalk and reed to obtain high efficient oil adsorbents. The oil sorption capacity of the modified adsorbents was tested by weighting method, the best modification time and the best adsorption time was discussed. The structure of modified materials were further characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller(BET) surface area analyzer, the oil sorption mechanism was discussed. The amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were measured using Van-Soest Method and Sulfuric Acid Method.The results showed that the maximum sorption capacity of RCS reached 4.33 g/g, which was 20-40 mesh. Fatty acid (stearic acid, oleic acid, decanoic acid) were used to modify 20-40 mesh RCS and the oil sorption capacities of the otbtained oil adsorbents were 6.85,6.70,7.05 g/g, respectively. The intensity of the band at 2356 cm-1 has decreased and 1380 cm-1 new band appeared in the infrared spectrogram, which indicated that esterification was succeeded by the replacement of surface Cell-OH by Cell-OCOC17H33.H₂O₂/NaOH was used to modify RCS to obtain biomass oil adsorbent (HNCS). After 14-hour modification, the maximum sorption capacity of HNCS reached 14.08 g/g, which increased by 325% compared with RCS (4.33 g/g); after 12-hour modification, the maximum sorption capacity of HNR reached 7.59 g/g. The oil adsorption rate also increased rapidly. SEM results showed that the surface roughness of HNCS increased and a large number of adsorption pores appeared. The specific surface area of HNCS reached 7.14 m2/g and hydrophilic functional groups were reduced. The cellulose content was increased with the decrease of lignin content. Functional groups, surface area and pore of adsorbent are the main factors that influence the oil sorption capacity and oil absorption rate.Fatty acid (stearic acid, oleic acid, decanoic acid) were used to modify HNCS to obtained three nw oil adsorbents, their oil sorption capacities were 11.00,10.50 and 10.18 g/g, respectively, showing that after modification the oil sorption capacities were reduce above 20% compared to HNCS. By selected cheap and readily available natural macromolecule RCS and reed as raw materials, fatty acid and H₂O₂/NaOH were respectively used to modify RCS and reed to obtain high efficient oil adsorbents. The best oil adsorbent obtain by use H₂O₂/NaOH modify RCS, the method is simple and easy to operate, low cost.