Study On The Synthesis And Properties Of Phosphate Surfactants

Phosphate surfactant is an important type of anionic surfactant, it has been widely applied to various fields for which has good solubility, emulsifying, wetting and low surface tension. In this paper a series of ordinary phosphate and gemini phosphate surfactants were synthesized with phosphating agent P2O5 and POCl3, the applications and the properties of the phosphate surfactants were studied. This research include the following sections:1. Four kinds of ordinary phosphate surfactants were prepared. The influences of the ratio of reactants, the reaction temperature and the reaction time on the yield of the esterification rate have been studied by the single-factor experiment. The conclusions are as followed: when the ratio of reactants n(phenol ether or alcohol ether)/n(P2O5)=2,the yield of the mono-ester is higher than the di-ester,with the increase of the molar ratio the yield of the mono-ester decreased, while the n(phenol ether or alcohol ether)/n(P2O5)=3, we get the highest total esterification rate, the better esterification temperature is 75℃,and the reaction time is 4h for the phenol ether phosphate; when n(AEO-9)/n(P2O5)=2, the esterification rate is very good, and the better esterification temperature is 80℃, and the reaction time is 3h for alcohol ether phosphate.2. A kind of mixed emulsifier which has good emulsifying properties was prepared by ordinary phosphate mix with other non-ionic surfactants at a certain ratio. The effects of the selection and dosages of the emulsifier and emulsifying time on the stability of emulsion has been studied by single factor experiments. And the emulsifier was used to emulsified the methyl silicone oil, and the stability of the obtained emulsion is very good.3. A series of phosphate gemini surfactants have been synthesized by phosphorylation, esterification, hydrolysis and neutralization reaction between diols or hydroquinone, 1-dodecanol,1-hexadecanol and phosphating agent phosphorus oxychloride in this topic. In order to optimize the reaction conditions the orthogonal experiments have been designed in the process of phosphorylation and esterification. The optimum conditions during phosphorylation are as follows:n(phosphoms oxychloride/n(diols)=1:1,the reaction time is 5h and the reaction temperature is 10℃, the optimum conditions during esterification:n (phosphorus oxychloride) /n(1-dodecanol/1-hexadecanol)=1:1, the reaction time is 6h and the reaction temperature is 30℃.4. The synthesised intermediates were purified by recrystallization. The structures of the purified intermediates were characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR and MS. The critical micelle concentration, surface tension, emulsification, wetting and foaming properties of the final products have been tested, and the influences of the length of the hydrophobic, the spacer chain and it's flexible of the synthesised gemini phosphate surfactants on the various properties.The experimental work of this subject has important significance for the actual production and the application of the phosphate gemini surfactants.