| The high-resolution data of climate, topography and soil which provided by National Climate Center and Institute of soil Science were collected and collated to evaluate the suitable areas in China and the impact of climate change for migration of the maize suitable areas and provide a foundation for macro-management decisions of agriculture, and improve the using efficient of the land. Meanwhile, evaluate the using of the technique of whole plastic-film mulching on Double Ridges in China. The research procedures as follows:The results indicated that1) The climate data which include the mean daily temperature, daily precipitation came from the simulation by regional climate model to the control experiments of the year 1961-1990 and the forecast tests of the year 2071-2100.2) Based on the data that mention above, the climate and soil database is created, and then eight factors were accumulated temperature, the annual precipitation, average temperature in April which was regarded as the Minimum temperature, the average temperature in July was the Maximum temperature, Soil Texture, Soil pH, Elevation and Field water-holding capacity were chosen to be the evaluation factors. The identification of the suitable areas for maize in China using Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) approach based on GIS is presented in the current article.3) Using the theory of MCE, the relevant criteria, suitability levels and their weights for each factor were defined on the opinion of specialist and the reference. Five classes were divided for the factors, they were: Most suitability, Moderate suitability, Medium, Moderate unsuitability and Unsuitability.4) The weight of the factors was calculated by the soft of MATLAB, the results of the weight were: Accumulated temperature:0.209; Precipitation:0.191; Minimum temperature:0.141; Maximum temperature:0.164; Field water-holding capacity:0.114; Soil texture:0.076; Soil PH:0.059; Elevation: 0.045.5) Overlay the factor maps the suitability map for maize in current climate condition, future climate and using the whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges in China could be obtain. The results indicated that:1) The Most suitability areas for the maize of the current climate condition in China were centered located in three northeast province and the Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and so on; the areas was 4.53505×105 km2.The Moderate suitability distributed in the south of ecotone, areas was 4.53×106km2. The result identified that the suitability areas for maize displayed as a band-like distribution from northeast to southwest, which was very conformity to the actual distribution of existing maize plantation areas. This research results showed GIS based MCE method could be used to evaluate the suitable classed for distribution of maize in China.2) Adopt the same approach of research and criterion to evaluate the suitability map which was impact by the future climate scenario for maize in China. That identified both the Most suitable and the Moderate suitable areas shift to the north and west. Results showed that the Most suitability level main distributed around the Da Hinggan Mountains and the Xiao Hinggan Mountains, the total area was 8.03x 105km2, most of these area was the forest in current climate condition and it proved that the forest will succession in the future which the result have been obtained by many specialist.3) Use the same method to define the classes of the factor after using the whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges technical. The evaluation identified that use this technology could will amend the water use efficiency and ground surface temperature condition. It could be used in the areas that have the less rainfall and the lower temperature. Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanaxi, Shanxi and so on could use the technology, areas of the application and extension of the technology was 1.609×105 km2. |
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