The Research And Evaluation Of The Genetic Resources Of Red Currants

The red currant is a kind of small-berry tree species with high nutritional value economic and eco benefit, which is also easily to plant and mange. This paper used the 14 types of red currant and white currant as the experimental materials introduced from the overseas by Jilin Agricultural University, which were:Cherry, Primus, Rubin, Blanka, Zwiezda, Siewiera, Rosetta, Harmonia, R11, R12, R. odoratum Wendl., R. diacanthum Pall, R. Komarovii A. Pojark, Ribes manschuricum Kom, Hongshi (R.). The traditional biological survey method and the biochemical analysis were used to systematically compare the features of the resource from botanical characteristics and agronomic traits, which could provide the scientific application of the genetic resources with evidences. And the results showed:1 There was 11-day difference between the early red currant and the late one. Cherry, Harmonia and R12 were early ripening varieties, which grew in the area of Changchun and matured around July 4the. Primus, Rubin, Blanka and Zwiezda Siewiera were mid-season varieties, which matured around July 9th. Rosetta and R11 were late maturing varieties, which matured around July 14th and the fruit maturation was about 28 days.Rosetta, R11 and R12 had the features of late flowering, which can prevent them from the harm of the low temperature and spring frost during their flowering seasons.2 Harmonia had the features of high fruit setting rate, high yield, nutritious juice, and good Sensory quality, which made it the excellent variety from the various evaluation indexes; therefore, it could be further tested and used as the breeding parent. Then it was the R11, which had large transverse and longitudinal fruit diameter and also was rich in soluble protein and titratable acid. Cherry had high fructify cation and yield, which also had advantage in soluble solids and protein. Its general performance was also well, which could also be used as the breeding parent. Primus had its advantage in titratable acid and Vitamin C. Blanka had high Vitamin C content. Zwiezda Siewiera had high fruit setting rate and soluble protein. Rosetta had heavy single fruit and high sugar content, the general of its fruit quality was pretty good. R12 was heavy in its single fruit and also high in its juice yield, which was a better Processing variety.3 As the red currant matured, the content of the titratable acid, soluble sugar and vitamin C changed differently. The content of vitamin C of all varieties dropped as the fruit matured, while the change of the content of titratable acid and soluble sugar followed a trend that raised first then dropped. The peak came at the forth day or the eighth day when 90% of the berries changed their color, which was also the best day to collect to get them processed.4 The change of the basal branches and the new ones of the various varieties were almost the same, which experienced fast growing 40 days after germination and slow growing 40days. When it came to the middle or the late July, they stopped growing.5 The daily change of the photosynthetic parameters of varieties of the red currant was quite similar, because they had the close physiological mechanism, while their net photo synthetic rates all shaped with twin peaks. Meanwhile, the time they came and maintained were almost the same, therefore, they could share the same sunshine and water management.6 The cultivated variety of the red currant had the features of self-pollination and closed-pollination fertilization.