| Potato breeding methods were dominated by cross-breeding in china. Tetraploid genetic character of cultivated potato resulted in a lack of systematic theoretical research on the genetic breeding, the blindness of parents choice and crosses collocation. With the quality breeding development aimed to improving potato quality, genetic analysis for specific quality character becomes more important. The research was around two quality indexes which were potato tuber potassium content and protein content:(1)Using 1562 potato clones(varieties)as materials, near-infrared model was established by using regression technique of improved least square method, which tested potato tuber potassium content more fast, efficiently, and exactly;(2)We analyzed variance and frequency about the main characters of 15 crosses in 17 crosses which came from 9 parents. Difference in crosses and distribution on internal cross of all characters were also analyzed;(3)Using a new theory and methods in quantitative genetics of agronomic traits, genetics and correlation of the main characters of 17 crosses were analyzed by a diallel mating design with unbalanced data. The results showed that:(1)Near-infrared spectroscopy model testing tuber potassium content: The SECV value of the potassium content in the calibration equation was 0.072, while the value of 1-VR was 0.881, close to 1; The SEP(C)value of validation parameters of the potassium content was 0.080, while the RSQ value was 0.866. The calibration equation had strong predictive power and could be used in screening good materials for potato breeding. There was a large space for the development of the model. It can be optimized, and improved the predictive ability gradually.(2)Analysis of variance: 0813(Zhongshu4×Dongnong01-33023)and 0815(Zhongshu4×T1800)were considered to be the high yield crosses; 0818(Atlantic×1533)and 0817(Atlantic×Dongnong01-33023)were crosses with more large sazed tubers and higher marketable tuber percentage; 0820(Atlantic×T1800)and 0808(Roslin×T1800)were high in specific gravity; 0817 (Atlantic×Dongnong01-33023), 0812(Desiree×T1800), 0802(Ns51-5×1533), 0810(Desiree×1533), 0820(Atlantic×T1800)and 0818(Atlantic×1533)performed well for their low reducing sugar contents; 0802(Ns51-5×1533)and 0810(Desiree×1533)were showed high protein content; 0802(Ns51-5×1533)and 0818(Atlantic×1533)were showed high potassium content. (3)Genetic analysis: We can select some varieties with high general combining ability as parents aimed to improving plant height, protein and potassium content; Improving mean weight per tuber and marketable tuber percentage also attach importance to select high general combining ability as parents, especially under specific entironment; The improvement of tuber number per plant still select crosses with high specific combining ability as parents; The effective way to improve tuber yield per plant will be select varieties with high general combining ability as parents under specific entironment, or crosses with high specific combining ability to improve; Main stem number and specific gravity were effectively modified by selecting crosses with high specific combining ability or varieties with high general combining ability as parents.In this research, parents with significant and very significant positive additive effect were that: P2(Roslin)for specific gravity, P3(Desiree)for the main stem number and protein content, P4 (Zhongshu4)for tuber number per plant, P5(Atlantic)for plant height, mean tuber weight, marketable tuber percentage and specific gravity, P7(1533)for protein content and potassium content, and P9(T1800)for tuber number per plant and specific gravity. Crosses with significant and very significant positive dominant effect were that: P1×P8(Ns51-5×Zhongshu3)for tuber number per plant and specific gravity, P2×P7(Roslin×1533)for specific gravity, P2×P9(Roslin×T1800)for main stem number, tuber number per plant and tuber yield per plant, P4×P9 (Zhongshu4×T1800)for plant height, P5×P7(Atlantic×1533)for plant height, P5×P9 (Atlantic×T1800)for specific gravity.(4)Correlation analysis: Plant height can be used to indirect selection of tuber yield per plant, marketable tuber percentage, and mean weight per tuber; Mean weight per tuber and marketable tuber percentage, protein content, and potassium content can increase at the same time; Tuber number and yield per plant can increase at the same time, but it hard to increase tuber number per plant, marketable tuber percentage, mean tuber weight, potassium content, and protein content synchronically. |
PDF Full Text Request