Biological Feature And Germ Plasm Resource Of The Macrobrachium Nipponense From The Poyang Lake

This research has carried out the system investigation of Macrobrachium resources districted in the Poyang Lake, including different kind of type, ratio as well as distribution and so on. The result indicated that, Macrobrachium from the Poyang Lake has above 8 kinds, in which the Macrobrachium nipponense is dominant species, may account for 65%-95%, the M.kiukianense accounts for 1%～10%, the m.lar accounts for 5%～35%, M.hendersoni is 1%～5%, the M.jiangxiense accounts for 2%～8%, M.vernustum accounts for 0.5%～1.0%, the M. asperulum accounts for 0.1%～0.8%, and the M.anhuiense accounts for 1%-2%. The appearing-frequency in various water area of the Macrobrachium nipponense is 100%, the m.lar is 8%～55%, the frequency of the M.kiukianense distributed in the Lake Nanhu is 17%～28%, other kinds are 0.5%～2%; The average body-length of the M. nipponense was checked and the output change was compared with in recent years. Its germ plasm resource has been carried on the preliminary analysis to present situation.Secondly, the germ plasm characteristic of the superiority kind, the M. nipponense in the Poyang Lake was researched. The biological characteristic and the internal tissue structure, the life habit, the growth characteristic was carried on the observation for the first time. Its lactic dehydrogenase isozyme and the chromosome nuclear type has analyzed of the the F6 generation after artificial selective breeding. The lactic dehydrogenase isozyme has 5 obvious characteristic bandings. The expression intensity and the transport ratio were analyzed. The chromosome phynotype is 2n= 104=66M+10ST+20T+8MC.Third, the muscle nutrition ingredient has analyzed after 6 generation of selective breeding of the M. nipponense. This shrimp's dressing percentage is about 37.6%, the ratio of protein, fat, moisture content and ash accounts for the fresh weight in the muscle separately 18.5%,1.3%,77.7% and 1.3%, including 18 kind of amino acids, the total quantity is the 766.5mg/g dry weight muscle,8 kind of human body essential amino acids total quantity is the 269.4mg/g in dry weight muscle. The content of some trace elements like Zn, Fe, Mg and so on and some nutritive elements content like K, Ca, Na, P and Mn has been determined. Fourth, cultivation growth contrast experiment to F4, F5, the F6 generation of the larva shrimp of the M. nipponense has separately carried on the modes of different density, multi-groups to breed was designed and used in the pattern contrast research. The best cultivation pattern was summarized. The polyculture experiment of the M. nipponense with some kind of fishes was carried out. Result demonstration the best polyculture mode by the Hypophthalmichthys molitrix with the shrimp has the high output, and the next output is with Pengze carp, the lowest output is polycultured with the grass carp and the Parabramis pekinensis. Carries on the freshwater shrimp double season cultivation result using the rice paddy to indicate that, may carries on using the early rice and the late ripening rile two seasons, the paddy rice grows tallies exactly with the freshwater shrimp reproduction vegetal period, both can use the rice paddy cube space fully, and may increase the economic efficiency. In the synthesis the result indicated that, passes through the artificial selective breeding M. nipponense to have the obvious growth superiority, its hereditary feature tends to stably.