Histology And Ultrastructure Of Pituitary, Blood Cells And Liver In Highfin Grouper Cromileptes Altivelis

To learn more about morphology and structure of Cromileptes altivelis, and promote studies on artificial breeding, physiology, disease prevention and species evolution of Cromileptes altivelis, the pituitary, blood cells and livers of Cromileptes altivelis were researched in this paper. The main results were showed as follows:1.Morphology,microstructure and ultrastructure of pituitary of Cromileptes altivelisPituitary was one of most complicated endocrine, the function of it was diversification. Pituitary could modulated the activities of the body organs and tissues. It was necessary to investigate structure of fish pituitary in order to provide the basis for histological morphology, reproductive biology and pathology. Using improved staining, Mallory and PAS staining method, and transmission electron microscopy technique, the microstructure and the ultrastructure of the pituitary of Cromileptes altivelis were examined. Results showed that: the pituitary of the C. altivelis was a solid spherical gland, located in the ventral diencephalon, and was composed of neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis. According to the shape and size of excretive granule contained in nerve fibers, the neurosecretory fibers could be differentiated into A1, A2 and B-type. Two types of pituitary cells could be observed in the neurohypophysis, I-type pituitary cells and II- type pituitary cells. Adenohypophysis consistsed of three parts: rostral pars distails(RPD), proximal pars distalis(PPD) and pars intermedia(PI). It could be identified six endocrine cells in adenohypophysis. Adrenocorticotrophic cells(ATCH) and prolactin cells(PRL) existed in the RPD, growth hormone cells(GH), thyrotrophs cells(TSH) and gonadotrophic hormone cells(GTH) could be found in the PPD, only one endocrine cell were observed, it was melanophore-stimulating hormone cells(MSH). And one non-secretory cell type-stellate cells (SC) could also be seen in adenohypophysis. The sort of Gonadotrophic hormone cells and the composition and distribution of endocrine cell of adenohypophysis were discussed. There was only one kind of GTH, but had many forms. The endoplasmic reticulum of some GTH significantly expanded, foam based, and it relatively had a few secretory granules in the cytoplasm. Since the release of secretion of some GTH, nuclear was smaller, degenerate, or even disassemble, and secretory granules was preternaturally rich in the cytoplasm. There also had many GTH that were not found vacuole, and the edge of cell showed lace-shaped or notch, mitochondria well-developed.2. Morphology, microstructure and ultrastructure of blood cells of Cromileptes altivelisUsing Wright's and Giemsa double staining method, improved blood smears of two kinds of dye staining method, light and electron microscopy, the peripheral blood cells of the C. altivelis were studied. The results of light microscope showed six major kinds of cells were recognized: erythrocyte, neutrophil, eosinophilic granuloeyte, monocyte, lymphocyte, and thrombocyte. In blood smears, erythrocyte division, divided thrombosis cells, the shadow of erythrocyte and leukocyte aggregation could be observed. The quantity of erythrocytes and leukocyte were 1.7462×106/ mm3 and 4.7817×103/mm3. The percentage of lymphocytes, thrombocyte, neutrophil and monocytes were 37.26%, 30.82%, 23.57% and 8.35% respectively, while eosinophilic granuloeyte was few. The microstructure of the above blood cells was described. The size of small lymphocyte was the smallest while that of the monocyte was the largest and the number of neutrophil was the least while that of lymphocytes was the most in the blood cells. The results of electron microscopy showed: There were six types of cells that could be districted under the Electron microscope, including erythrocyte, granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte, thrombocyte and plasma cell. Erythrocyte was round or oval-shaped with visible mitochondria and a few vesicles; according to the size and shape of particles and the form of nucleus, granulocytes could be divided into four types: I-type granulocyte, II-type granulocyte, III-type granulocyte and IV-type granulocyte; monocyte was round with smooth surface, and occasionally held out pseudopodia, vacuoles were often observed; lymphocyte had little cytoplasm, only formed a thin layer in the nucleolus, an had a few organelles; thrombocytes were rich in heterochromatin which were zonal distribution along the nuclear membrane. There were many vacuoles of varying sizes and a small amount of mitochondria; rough endoplasmic reticulum was stratified distribution surrounding the nucleolus in the plasma cell. In addition it could be found that erythrocyte phagocytized by eosinophils, and thrombocyte gathered in group.3. Morphology, microstructure and ultrastructure of livers of Cromileptes altivelisTissue slice have been dealt with HE, Mallory, Heidenhain Azan, PAS, and tissue piece dip-dyed silver methods. Using light and transmission electron microscopy, the structure and ultrastructure of the liver in Cromileptes altivelis have been investigated. The result showed that, the liver cells had unconspicuous boundary, no dual-core phenomen existed, and the hepatic cells could be divided into two type,"light cell"and ?"dark cell". Plenty of organelle existed in the cytoplasm, abundance of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosome could be observed, but Golgi body was very difficult to find, it could only been find near bile canaliculus and Disse's space. In addition, nearby the hepatic sinusoid, endothelial cell, fibroblasts, fat-storing cells and kupffer's cells were observed. Many bile ducts could be seen in C.altivelis liver, such as central blie duct of leaf of liver, branch bile duct, interlobular blie duct, endolobular bile duct. In the vicinity of the central vein of liver cell, hepatic cell cords in radiation could be seen.