| Apple pomace as the reuse of resources has been widely applied to pigs, cattle and chicken, but not to dairy goats. so the test studied effects of apple pomace mixed silage made in different ways on growth performance in diary goats and further study was carried on in the following Latin Square design: apple pomace mixed silage and dry apple pomace respectively replaced diet of Xinong Saanen goat in various proportions were given, by the means of full-scan fourier transform infrared spectrum, to determine the effects on performance, ruminal fermentation and milk fatty acids composition indexes and so on, the purpose of this was to choose the best proportion to dairy goats and evaluate feeding efficiency. The results as follows:1. Test 1: 40 multiparous healthy Guanzhong diary goats with similar milk yield (1.72±0.26 kg/d·head) were selected. They were fed one of four diets in a single randomized block design: corn silage (control group), apple pomace mixed silage made in different ways respectively replaced 50% corn silage (test A, B, C group). The content of apple pomace mixed silage in test A, B, C was 76%, 76%, 76% apple pomace; 8%, 8%, 8% corn bran; 5%, 0%, 0% corn stalk; 5%, 0%, 15% corn flour; 5%, 15%, 0% wheat bran; 1%, 1%, 1% urea, respectively. The whole trial could be divided into three stages, each stage was 10d and the whole trial was 30d. The results as follows:Compared to control group, the milk yield per day in each test group was increased, which was increased by 5.23%, 5.81%, 4.65%, respectively; and the milk yield per day in test B group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05) . Compared to control group, the milk quality (fat, protein, lactose, dry matter and SNF) in each test group was improved to some extent, for example, fat was increased 3.83%, 7.08%, 11.21%, respectively, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05);Test B had the best feeding efficiency, the composition of apple pomace mixed silage was 76% apple pomace, 15% wheat bran, 8% corn bran, 1% urea.2. Test 2: 8 multiparous healthy Xinong Saanen goats with similar milk yield (2.12±0.10 kg/d·head) were selected. The trial was designed in a 2 repeat 4×4 Latin Square. The goats were fed on apple pomace mixed silage replaced part of corn silage (total mixed ration and free intake). The proportion that apple pomace mixed silage replaced corn silage was respectively 0% (A), 35% (B), 50% (C) and 65% (D). The whole trial could be divided into four stages, each stage was 21d and the whole trial was 84d. The results as follows:In terms of concentrate and silage: the average daily feed intake of dairy goat increased with the increasing of proportion that apple pomace mixed silage replaced corn silage. Comparing with A treatment, D treatment (65%) significantly increased the average daily feed intake (P<0.05), which increased 0.09 kg/d·head and 0.04kg/d·head, respectively. There was no significant difference within B, C and D treatment (P>0.05). In terms of alfalfa hay: apple pomace mixed silage had no effect on dairy goat,s average daily feed intake (P>0.05).The milk yield per day increased with the increasing of proportion that apple pomace mixed silage replaced corn silage. Compared to A treatment, the milk yield per day of D treatment (65%) was significantly increased, which increased 0.09 kg/d·head. The milk yield per day of B, C and D treatment were no significant difference (P>0.05). Although, compared to A treatment, the milk quality (fat, protein, lactose and SNF) of B, C and D treatment were improved to some extent, the difference was not significant (P>0.05).The trends of ruminal pH values with different time firstly decreased and then increased, while ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration took on the opposite trends, but the difference was no significance (P>0.05). They varied in normal extension (pH: 6.30-6.73, ammonia nitrogen concentration: 8.27-14.29mg/100ml ). Ruminal pH values and ammonia nitrogen concentration with same time had no significant difference(P>0.05).There were no significant effects on blood biochemical indexes (glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood urea nitrogen) (P>0.05), they were in normal extent. The possible reason was that there was no effect on blood circulation metabolism after rumen fermentation. Apple pomace mixed silage replaced part of corn silage was workable.3. Test 3: 16 multiparous healthy Xinong Saanen goats with similar milk yield (2.35±0.31 kg/d·head) were selected. The trial was designed in a 4 repeat 4×4 Latin Square. The goats were fed on dry apple pomace replaced part of concentrate diet (total mixed ration and free intake). The proportion of dry apple pomace replaced concentrate diet was respectively 0% (A), 20% (B), 40% (C) and 60% (D). The whole trial could be divided into four stages, each stage was 14d and the whole trial was 56d. The results as follows:The average daily feed intake increased with the increasing of proportion that dry apple pomace replaced concentrate diet. The corn silage and alfalfa hay intake of B treatment (20%) were more than A treatment for 0.01, 0.12 kg/d·head, respectively. The average daily feed intake of B, C, D treatment had no significant difference (P>0.05). The milk yield of B treatment increased 0.06 kg/d·head, while C, D treatment decreased 0.02, 0.04 kg/d·head respectively, compared with A treatment.Compared to A treatment, the milk quality in B treatment was improved to some extent, the fat (3.24%) and lactose (4.07%) were higher than that in A, C, D treatment. There was no significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the milk (P>0.05). The short-chain fatty acid C6:0 (5.43%) in D treatment was significantly higher than that in A treatment (3.29%) (P<0.05). The milk yield and the milk quality in B treatment (20%) had the best evaluation.The content of blood urea nitrogen increased along with the amount of dry apple pomace increased, the content of BUN in D treatment was significantly higher than the content in the A, B and C treatment (P<0.05). Dry apple pomace mixed silage in different proportion given to the dairy goats had no significant effect on the glucose, total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride (P>0.05).The whole trial showed apple pomace mixed silage replaced 65% corn silage could significantly increase the average milk yield per day (0.09kg/d·head), but had no significant effect on blood biochemical indexes, ruminal pH values and ammonia nitrogen concentration. Dry apple pomace replaced 20% concentrate diet significantly increased the intake of corn silage and alfalfa, improved the average milk yield per day (0.06kg/d·head), fat (0.01%) and lactose (0.03%), but had no significant effect on the milk fatty acids composition and blood biochemical indexes. |
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