Effects Of Conservation Tillage On Winter Wheatâ†'Spring Maize Rotation Field Of Weibei Highland

The experiment was conducted in 2007-2010 to investigate effects of three soil conservation tillage measures, namely no-tillage, sub-soiling and deep-flowing under the balance fertilization (BF), conventional fertilization (CF) and no or lower fertilization (LF or NF) treatments on soil physical properties, soil fertility, soil water storage amount, crop yields, water use efficiency (WUE) and economic income under the rotation mode of winter wheatâ†'spring maize on Weibei Highland.The results indicated that:1. Effects of different conservation tillage treatments on soil physical properties and soil water storage capacity of winter wheat-spring maize rotation fieldWith the three soil conservation tillage continuous implementing , the content of soil aggregates under the NT and SS treatment had significantly increased; Conservation tillage The soil bulk density of surface of the soil of each kind of the three conservation tillage treatments is lower than the upper middle, and there were no different among the subsoil of three kinds of conservation tillage,the soil bulk density of NT treatment is the highest one. In the continuous conservation tillage treatments, the soil infiltration capacity of the DP treatment is the highest, followed by SS, NT is minimum ;The soil infiltration capacity of the "SS-DP-SS " treatment is the most in 7 kinds of shifting cultivation.During the plant growth period, continuous NT and continuous SS have higher soil water storage capacity; the "NT-SS-NT" treatment has the highest water storage capacity in the shifting cultivation tillage treatments. During the fallow period, continuous NT treatment has the highest water storage capacity in the continuous no-tillage treatments, the next is continuous SS, continuous DP is the worst; "NT-NT-NT-NT" and "NT-SS-NT-SS" treatments have the highest water storage capacity in the shifting cultivation tillage treatments. The "NT-SS-NT-SS" treatment has the highest soil moisture in the early and late summer fallow.2. Effects of different conservation tillage treatments on soil nutrient of winter wheat-spring maize rotation fieldWith the extended time of conservation tillage, 0 40cm layer of soil nutrient content was significantly increased; organic matter content of the "NT> SS>DP tillage " changed to "SS > NT> DP"; Balanced fertilization(BF) in soil nitrogen, alkali-hydro phosphorus and potassium content of the "NT>SS> DP ", conventional fertilization(CF) and no fertilizer or low fertilizer(NF or LF) treatment, compared with "SS>NT> DP" ; in all fertilization treatments, middle soil of sub-tillage have the highest content of alkali-hydro nitrogen, alkali-hydro phosphorus and potassium.3. Effects of different conservation tillage treatments on agronomic trait of winter wheat and spring maize in winter wheat-spring maize rotation fieldDuring the consecutive 3-year practice of conservation tillage, SS and DP showed higher weight of root biomass, fresh biomass weight and dry biomass weight compared with NT treatment; BF treatments was higher than CF, low LF or NF was the lowest. SS showed the highest plant height. Under the same fertilization, in the Over-wintering stage, the SS produced highest number of tillers followed by DP and NT treatments. SS showed the highest photosynthesis, which was higher than the NT and DP.4. Effects of different conservation tillage treatments on yields, WUE and net income of winter wheat and spring maize in winter wheat-spring maize rotation fieldThe conservation tillage of 3 consecutive years results showed that the SS treatment has higher yields, WUE and net income than DP and NT treatments under diffierent fertilizer treatments, the BSS treatment was the highest one in the 9 treatment combinations, its yields, WUE and net income were 6909.4, 9688.9, 5588.9 kg·hm^-2, 18.5, 25.2, 23.0 kg·hm^-2 mm^-2 and 5034.3, 5045.3, 7097.8 yuan·hm^-2. After 3 years of shifting cultivation processed, the "SS-DP-SS" and " SS-SS-SS" treatments have The highest yield and WUE in the 7 kinds of shifting cultivation under the BF treatment, and both the treatments no significant difference between the yield, but have significant differences between WUE, Therefore the comprehensive benefit of "SS-SS-SS" is better than "SS-DP-SS" treatment; the "SS-DP-SS" and " SS-SS-SS" treatments have more net income than other shifting cultivation treatment. The "SS-DP-SS" and " SS-SS-SS" treatments have the more yield, WUE and net income than the other shifting cultivation treatment under the CF and LF treatments.