The Analysis Of Anatomy And Biochemistry On Effects Of Nitrogen On Appearance Quality Of Rice Grain

With the development of the living standard of the people, rice quality is asked to have not only good palatability but also pleasing shape on rice trading. Improvement for rice appearance quality is of great importance to Improvement of the market competitiveness of rice. In order to research the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on appearance quality and anatomical characteristics of chalk grain, zaofeng9, xudao4, ningjing2, wuyujing3, ningjing1,wuyunjing7 and forty-three japonica rice cultivars in jiangsu and zhejiang provinces were used in this study. The main results are as follows:1. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and variety on chalkinessBoth management in field and observation in laboratory was used to study the effect of nitrogen treatments on occurrence condition of all types of chalk grain and change law between years of rice grain of six japonica rice cultivars, Zaofeng9, Xudao4, Ningjing2. Wuyujing3. Ningjingl and Wuyunjing7. The results showed that the difference was significant or extremely significant on percent content of perfect rice, white-belly and white-core among nitrogen, cultivars, and nitrogen×cultivars. The cultivars have bigger effect than the nitrogen treatments. Wuyujing3 has good eating quality but but it has poor appearance quality. The occurrence condition of white-core was mainly affected by Genotype. The occurrence condition of white-back is the outcome produced commonly by cultivars, nitrogen, and environment. The change of the occurrence condition on green rice, milky-white and others is not evident.Both management in field and observation in laboratory were used to study the effect of nitrogen treatments on occurrence condition of all types of chalk grain of forty-three japonica rice cultivars. The results showed that the effect was extremely significant on percent content of perfect rice, white-belly, white-core, green rice, milky-white and others on cultivars. The effect was extremely significant on percent content of white-belly, white-core and others on nitrogen. The effect was significant on percent content of perfect rice; green rice on nitrogen.There is no effect on milky-white on nitrogen. The effect was extremely significant on percent content of white-belly on nitrogenxcultivars. The effect was significant on percent content of others on nitrogen×cultivars. There is no extremely effect on other types of grain on nitrogen×cultivars. in all.the effect of cultivar is larger than that of nitrogen on perfect rice, white-belly and milky-white. The effect of nitrogen is larger than that of cultivar on green rice and others. The effect is the same between nitrogen and cultivars.2. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on anatomical characteristics of chalk grainIn order to research the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on anatomical characteristics of chalk grain. wuyujing3 and ningjingl were used in this study. The results showed that endosperm structure of wuyujing3 on white-belly is almost same between high fertility and no fertilizer treatments. The amyloplasts of endosperm on white-belly of ningjingl are closelier arranged under no fertilizer treatment when compared with high fertility. The difference of size is great among amyloplasts under high fertility treatment. The difference of endosperm structure on white-core of wuyujing3 and ningjing1 is not great. The homogeneity on white-core amyloplasts of ningjingl is bad. The difference of endosperm structure on white-belly of different varieties is not great under any fertilizer treatment. The white-core grains all consist of large elliptic and small massive starch grains.but early rice varieties on centre of zaofeng9 and xudao4 all been basically composed of small massive.3. Chalkiness formation and amino acid metabolismThe high proportion of white core and white belly kernels were selected to investigate the content of seventeen kinds of amino acids in two fertilizer conditions. The results showed that, there was significant different of the absolute and relative content of amino acids among the white-core and perfect kernel of Ningjingl, and its mainly displayed that the content of aromatic amino acids, such as tyrosine and phenylalanine, reached significant level. But the different of white-belly and the perfect kernel was not significantly. It was proved that the chalkiness character was the results of interaction between genotypes and environment, and the formation of the chalkiness had a close relationship with amino acids metabolism.