Study On The Relationship Among Root System And The Shoot Dry Matter Accumulation And Yield From Winter Wheat Under Different Cultivation And Management Modes

From 2008 to 2010, during these two consecutive years this fixed-point experiment been made in Jiaozuo Xiangyun county Henan Province, in this test"PingAn 8"was selected, winter wheat in different cultivation management modes of wheat root growth and morphological characters variation of parameters, and further to the root growth parameters of ground and the correlation degree analysis of the relationship between dry matter accumulation and yield was studied. The main results are as follows:1. The evident control function of different cultivation management modes to wheat root system growth and root length, root volume, root surface morphological characters index. Under each of these four kinds of winter wheat cultivation and management modes, numbers of secondary roots of per plant reach to maximum at heading stage, afterward declining, and in the whole growing stage, the order of numbers of secondary roots per plant most to lest is: T3>T4> T2> T1. Compared the conventional management used to implement with the other three processing modes: the number of secondary roots per plant has a significantly reduce; the total root dry weight, total root length, total root volume and total surface area in 0 100cm at present soil before heading are bigger; the root growth peak appears earlier; while under the super-high-yield and the two optimizing management modes more secondary roots per plant are gained; the root growth peak delays to flowering stage; a later growth anaphase time and a slower decay rate, which is beneficial to dry matter production and grain yield formation.2. Under four different cultivation management modes the accumulation of the dry matter of the root and the crown positively promoted before winter wheat root reaches it's maximum dry weight, and the two synergistically increased, and then the continually increased shoot biomass inhibits the root growth. Under the conventional management model used to implement the positive promotion between the dry matter accumulation of the root and the shoot lasts only to the heading stage, while under super-high-yield mode and the two optimal management modes the positive promotion between the dry matter accumulation of the root and shoot delays to anthesis, and the inhibition during the flowering and the mature of canopy to root growth weaker dramatically. To illustrate, the root dry material distribution proportion and root-shoot ratio (R/S) under T2, T3, and T4 are more than that under T1, which leads to conclusion that the super-high-yield management and optimization model can not only prolong the root-shoot synchronous growth time, still can weaken root-shoot to the root growth anaphase of inhibition.3. The root dry weight, root length, root volume and root surface area of different soils under the T2 reducing water and fertilizer mode have a significantly increase when compared to that under T1 mode, also an increase appears in the deep soil of the vertical root distribution density; Compared with T3, the 60cm long and deep roots below the root dry weight and density under T4 are significantly improved. Which shows that the two Optimal management modes both can accelerate the wheat root system in the whole growing stage of soil layer immigrants-and spatial distribution, especially in the middle and subsoil; and the root decay time delays, which is beneficial to the full use of deep soil moisture and nutrients, the main reason of gaining a higher yield.4. The root dry weight and root length average growth rate (c), maximum growth rate (cm), maximum growth rate and peak time of occurrence (tm, te) vulnerable to the influence of cultivation measures volatile; Root volume growth rate also vulnerable to the influence of cultivation measures, but the biggest increase rate and spikes time less effect; The biggest growth rate root surface area and peak appeared time vulnerable to the influence of cultivation measures, but its growth rate is relatively small, fluctuation influence. The biggest root dry weight T1, root length, root volume, root area occurrence time (te) and maximum increase rate (tm) appear time than T2, T3, and T4 were significantly ahead, but the root dry weight, the average increase root volume rate (c) and maximum increase rate (cm) significantly lower than T3 and T4. That is the optimal management of super-high-yeild and two farmers habit, extended the root of fast growth, delayed the root system decay time process, remarkably raised the rate of growth of root, guarantee the good growth.5. T2, T3, and T4 compared with T1, the root dry weight, root length, root volume, root growth parameters and the ground surface of dry matter accumulation, closely relationship with more can promote the coordinated growth of underground. T2 and T4 because of increased both the lower root root volume and extension of the lower root length, and promote the department dry matter accumulation and yield formation. T1 on wheat growth anaphase aging too fast, influence of aboveground canopy growth and yield formation, and T2, T3, and T4 three processing is helpful for immigrants-and root length extension, root volume and root surface area increases, greater root next firm, expand root growth space, increase the contact area with soil moisture and nutrients, enhanced absorption ability to coordinate the ground and underground, balanced, try and synchronous development with high yields.6. Comprehensive consideration of the root growth and morphological characters parameters change character and ground and dry matter accumulation and yield of the corresponding relationship between, in the condition of the experiment applying pure nitrogen per hectare P₂O₅75kg K₂O60kg 180kg, optimizing management 1, the optimal model T2 effect, applying pure nitrogen per hectare 240kg, P₂O₅7590kg, K₂O 90kg optimization management 2 mode of various parameters mutant T4 root growth with the change of super-high-yield mode T3 advantage is not obviously, its farming, broadcast sowing quantity, water management cultivation technology needs further optimization and in-depth research.