| In order to resolve the problem of low yield and poor plumpness for rice, Rain shelter experiment and field experiment were couducted form 2007 to 2009 in Henan Agricultural University. Different water treatment and water-nitrogen interaction were used in this research. Two water treatment were maintain 85% field capacity (W1) and maintain 65% field capacity (W2) after heading in water treatment. as for water-nitrogen interaction experiment, the three nitrogen treatment of fertilization at the forth leaf from the bottom stage (N1), fertilization at the second and forth leaf from the bottom stage (N2), and fertilization at the second leaf from the bottom stage (N3) were the vice treatment.split-plot design was used, the three water treatment that maintain water (W1), keep dry around 30kpa of soil water potential (W2), and shallow wet alternation (W3, soil water potential-8kpa less) after heading were the main treatment. So, in order to undstand effect and mechanism of water and water-nitrogen interaction on rice storage capacity from the two aspects of quantity and quality of storage capacity, the plants flow, filling rate, grain filling, leaf senescence, and the changes of soluble sugar under different water and water-nitrogen interaction were analyzied, the main results were as follows:1. Water treatment at grain filling stage have main effect on yield, As for the two water levels, yield in W1 condition was significantly higher than that in W2 condition, and there no significant difference between effective spike, grains per panicle, seed setting rate,1000-grain weight and plumpness of superior grain in W1 condition and those in W2 condition. But, plumpness of inferior grain and 1000-grain weight in W1 condition differed significantly form those in W2 conditon. yield differences at two water levels was mainly caused by 1000-grain weight and plumpness of inferior grain.2. Through analysising 1000-grain weight of grain, grain filling rate, flow intensity and glume transpiration of rice under different water treatments, research effect and mechanism on rice filling. Correlation of grains filling rate and plumpness of inferior was significantly positive, inferior grains filling rate can means plumpness of inferior grains.1000-grain weight of superior grains increased rapidly in the early and middle stage of filling, and 1000-grains weight of inferior grain increased rapidly in the middle and late stage of filling; W2 compared to W1 reduced the filling rate of grains in the middle stage of filling, an increase inferior grains filling rate. The filling rate was increased 19:00-morrow 1:00 and morrow 1:00-morrow 7:00 two times of filling late stage of the day.The plant flow strength, trends are inconsistent of flow strength of basal internode and neck internode in different filling stage, Basal internode strong regularity, while trend is eneck internode relatively larger. Flow strength of basal internode and neck internode was positively correlated with soil moisture relationship, with the lower soil water content, flow strength of basal internode and neck internode decreases. Effect is very large of the average flow intensity under different water treatment on day of filling middle stage and night of filling late stage. W1 compared to W2 enhanced flow strength of basal internode 7:00-13:00 and 13:-19:00 two times of filling middle stage and flow strength of neck internode 19:00-morrow 1:00 and morrow 1:00-morrow 7:00 two times of filling late stage;in the filling middle and late stage of rice, flow strength of basal internode are great on day, but at close to zero on night; flow strength of neck internode during the day and night higher. Flow strength of basal internode and neck internode with soil water content decreased and filling time of the back passes, time of maintaining high flow strength was shorten. Increase flow strength of neck internode of the day of filling middle and late stage, can improve the inferior grains filling rate, increase the filling, increased plumpness of inferior grains and 1000-grain weight. Therefore, in vivo monitoring using flow meter filling of rice, rice grain filling process in due course to master is a good way。The glume transpiration of rice, with the rice filling time passes, the average glume transpiration rate decreases, the filling late stage, W2 reduce he average glume transpiration rate of the whole ear and superior grains and inferior grains. W1 of the flow of neck internode, glume transpiration, and flow utilization of the whole ear and inferior grains are greater than W2, especially the flow utilization of inferior grains in the two handle the biggest difference.3. Under water and nitrogen interaction conditions, N3W3 is highest yield and the best combination. Under particular water treatment and in the certain total panicle fertilizer, panicle fertilizer as applied to postpone of the period and increased the proportion,1000-grain weight and grain plumpness of the ear increased. N3W3 significantly increased 1000-grain weight and plumpness of rice. Water and nitrogen interaction between the three treatment, number of tillers and panicles were no differences; grain number reached a significant difference between N2W2 to N1W1; compared with the N1W1. N2W2 reducing yiled, N3W3 increased yiled. Three treatment of water and nitrogen interaction differences between the yield by the grain plumpness and 1000-grain weight of rice to achieve. N2W3 significantly improved the quality of superior grains, N3W3 significantly improved the quality of inferior grains.4. The beginning grains filling rate of superior is stronger than inferior grains, while the inferior grains filling rate of filling late stage is greater than the superior grains; primary branches and secondary branches initial filling rate of inferior grains and the filling rate of filling late stage of inconsistent, W3 secondary branches filling rate of inferior grains of increased in filling ate stage, prolonged the duration of the high filling rate; under W3 treatments, N3 significantly increased filling rate 19 days before of after flowering, decreased 27 days filling rate of after anthesis,35 days after flowering, the filling rate not very different of three nitrogen treatments.N3W3 increased secondary branches filling rate of inferior grains, extended the duration of the high filling rate of inferior grains, increased filling rate of inferior gains of filling late stage.Through analysis leaf senescence, soluble sugar content, the relationship between grain filling was found, the superior grains filling rate and the top-three leaves MDA content was significantly negatively correlated with the top-three leaves SPAD value and CAT activity was significantly or very significantly positive correlation; inferior grains filling rate and boot leaf SPAD values were significantly positively correlated with second leaf, third leaf SPAD value were positively correlated with the top-three leaves MDA content, CAT activity were negatively correlated. Maintain a higher boot leaf chlorophyll content can improve the inferior grains filling rate. Effect is greater leaf, stem, soluble sugar content of inferior grains on grain filling and lower soluble sugar content of leaves and inferior grains and increased soluble sugar content of the stem, can improve of grain filling rate of superior grains; lower soluble sugar in leaves and sheaths content and enhance the superior grains soluble sugar content can increase inferior grains filling rate; increase soluble sugar content of leaves and inferior grains, decreased soluble sugar of the stem, can improve the grain plumpness of inferior grains. Soluble sugars of rice leaf and sheath transfer to the stem, the promotion superior and inferior grains filling. In particular, soluble sugar into inferior grains, can delay leaf senescence, reduced MDA content, increased CAT activity. Improve inferior grains filling rate and plumpness during filling late stage, and improve the overall yield, improve the quality of great realistic significance. |
PDF Full Text Request