The Comparative Study About Some Growth Indexes And Spike Differentiation Of Wheat Under Greenhouse And Field

With four varieties of Henan large-scale cultivation as experimental materials,the air temperature and geotemperature during wheat growth stage, some growth indexes, spike differentiation and yield of wheat were studied under glass greenhouse and experimental field of Henan Normal University in 2009-2010. The main conclusions were as follows:1.During the wheat whole growth period, the daily mean temperature of greenhouse is 7.1℃higher than field's, the accumulated temperature above zero of greenhouse is 1291.7℃higher than field's. With rising of air temperature, room temperature of greenhouse increased. The influence of room temperature on geotemperature was greater than the air temperature of field. Along with the increase of stratigraphic depth, the influence of shallow geotemperature on the deep geotemperature turned weaker; in field conditions, the air temperature had lager influence on shallow geotemperature(0-10 cm), deep geotemperature(15-25 cm) influenced by deeper temperature of underground.2.The wheat growth stage became shorter with rising of temperature. The wheat growth stage was shorter significantly in glass greenhouse than field. The specific performance of each stage: during the emerge-three leaves stage, three leaves-jointing stage, and heading-anthesis stage, continuous days of glass greenhouse were shorter significantly than field's, and during the sowing-emerge stage, jointing-heading stage, and anthesis-maturity stage, continuous days of glass greenhouse were longer slightly than field's. With postponement of sowing time, the continued days of each growth stage was degression excluding sowing-emerge stage.3.Compared with field, wheat growth performance of glass greenhouse: the plant height and the single stem dry matter weight were increased, while the maximum leaf age and number of tillers per plant were reduced, the filling rates were low, but its incerase and reduce rates were more stable, and the grain dry matter weight was increased. In glasshouse, the soluble sugar content and nitrate reductase activity of flag leaf increased first but decreased then with days after anthesis, the soluble protein content of flag leaf tended to decreased with days after anthesis. These three indexes were reduced slowly and placidly, and the senescence of wheat flag leaf was delayed effectively. 4.The spike differentiation process became shorter with rising of temperature. The total days of spike differentiation were shorter significantly in glass greenhouse than field, while the sowing time was put off, the total days were degression. During earlier days of spike differentiation process, the continued days of various spike differentiation phases of wheat were shorter greenhouse than field, and during later period, the continued days were longer greenhouse than field. For weak spring wheat, higher temperature influenced on later stages mostly, which were floret, pistil and stamen, and anther stage. While for semi-winter wheat, earlier and middle stages were mainly affected which were single ridge, double ridges and glume stage.5.The yield and spike number of wheat were lower significantly in glass greenhouse than field. While the grain number, grain weight, spikelet number and sterile-spikelet number were increased. In greenhouse, with the sowing time delayed, the wheat grain weight, grains number and spikelet number were reduced, but sterile-spikelet number was increased. The same of sowing time, the grain weight of weak spring wheat was higher than semi-winter wheat, but the yield, spike number, grain number, spikelet number and sterile-spikelet number lower than semi-winter wheat. The yield of earlier sowing time of semi-winter wheat was higher, and the yield of later sowing time of weak spring wheat was higher.