Research, Based On The Li Traditional Knowledge Rice Genetic Diversity

Hainan is the only province where the total land area distrubutes in the tropical zone in China, and the biodiversity is very rich. Li Ethnic Group is the main minority and the original nationality in Hainan. Because of the traditional planting way of Dao Geng Huo Zhong, meaning planting seeds with slash after burning plants on the land, Shanlan Upland Rice is the favorable food crop of Li people for its strong adaptability to bio-and abio-stresses and the special characters and prominant agricultural advantages. However, with the development of new cultivation methods instead of the traditional way, Shanlan Upland Rice varieties have decreased quickly and therefore, it is important to protect Shanlan Upland Rice varieties and their related traditional knowledge of Li Ethenic.Analysis of rice gene diversity can reflect vasually the differences of gene basic group, and explan the differences of gene function even the reason of formation of some characters. Moreover, with the help of bioinformatics, the origin and evolution of cultivated rice can be infered by means of comparing diferences of gene polymorphism among rice genetic resources.In this study,14accessions of Shanlan Rice (Oryza sativa L.) collected from Li Ethnic communities,59accessions of Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) and120accessions of common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) were selected for sequencing analysis to study the origin and evolution of upland rice in Li Ethnic communities in Hainan Province of China to reveal the relationship between gene diversity of Shanlan Upland rice and Li traditional knowledge. Four high mutation and non-domestication genes of SS Ⅱ gene and Ehdl gene from nucleus genome, the ndhc-trnv inter spacer from chloroplast genome and cox3gene from mitochondrial genome in rice and one domestication gene waxy were chosen to be sequenced. The results are listed as follows.1. The gene diversity of Shanlan Upland Rice was the lowest while the common wild rice was the highest and that of Asian cultivated rice was in the middle.2. The graph of Network suggested that wild rice assembling with the Shanlan Upland Rice were from Guangdong and Hunan province, instead of wild rice from Hainan province. Therefore, it was indicated that Shanlan Upland Rice had a close genetic relationship with common wild rice from Guangdong and Hunan province but not Hainan Province, which agreed with the result of research from our team that cultivated rice of Asian originate from South China like Guangdong and Guangxi province. It was inferred that the Shanlan rice originate directly from cultivated rice of Mainland China not conmon wild rice from HaiNan.3. Because the gene diversity of Shanlan Upland Rice was sharply below that of cultivated rice, it is infered that Li people artificially selected the cultivated rice introduced into Hainan Province according to thier traditional knowledge such as custom of daily life and production. They abandoned some varieties with traits they did not like and kept and improved other varieties with traits they prefered for their traditional knowledge, which resulted in low genetic diversity of Shanlan upland rice varieties.4.The analysis of taxonomy indicated that85.72percent of Shanlan Upland rice in the study were japonica rice, which was contradict with the fact that most rice in south of China were indica rice. It is suggested that Li ancestor planted rice very early and they reserve the japonica rice of all rice brought into Hainan province. These japonica rice interflow little with rice in the Han people's zones. That is why Shanlan Upland rice were mostly japonica5. According to the sequence of waxy gene, most Shanlan upland rice showed wax on molecular level,which agreed with Li ethnic habits of being fond of eating glutinous rice. It indicated that Li ancestor screened out and reserve the wax ones from cultivated rice brought into Hainan province.6. The incorporate analysis of haplotype cluster found that Shanlan Upland rice in Hainan did not have close connection with upland rice and paddy rice planting in other place on molecular level. It indicated that Shanlan Upland Rice did not necessarily originate from upland rice. From the above research results we could conclude as following:(1) Most Shanlan Upland Rice were japonica and glutinous rice, which was related to Li ethnic group'flavor.(2) Shanlan Upland Rice did not domesticate directly from Common Wild Rice of Hainan province, but maybe screened out from the cultivated rice of mainland of China.(3) The origin of Shanlan Upland Rice had nothing to do with ecotype of rice.(4) Because of the limited rice varieties brought into Hainan and environmental and artificial selection of Li ancestor'favor, the gene diversity of Shanlan Upland Rice was lower than cultivated rice of China.(5) Shanlan Upland Rice were gradually losing, and outstanding characters were not completely explored. We should strengthen the in situ protection and more utilization.