Analysis On Genetic Diversity And Distribution Environment Characteristics Of Escape Pepper In Hainanisland

Chili pepper,is herbaceous plant of a year or years'growing,belongs to Capsicum Linn. It originated in Tropical and subtropical regions in South America, and was importted to China in end of Ming. It spreads in nationwide now. It was recorded that there were3Pepper varieties in Hainan island of Hainan plant volunteers. It was written in the book of "plants list of Hainan and Guangdong coastal islands" that there were C.annuum Linn.,Capsicum annuum Linn.var. fasciculatum Irish,Pimiento and C. frutescens that spreads and was uncultivated in Hainan island. This paper surveyed the characteristic including distribution, environment and genetic diversity of escape pepper in the Wenchang,WanNing,Qionghai LingShui,Sanya,Wuzhishan,BaoTing,Qiongzhong and TunChang in Hainan middle-eastern rural by wild survey,typical sampling,interviews with local farmers. It has analyse the facts affected distribution of escape pepper from elevation,national culture and associated plant type. We collected7escape pepper varieties of9escape pepper varieties. And analyse genetic diversity of the7escape pepper varieties by ISSR mark.The results of the field survey showed:(1)There were abundant resources about escape pepper in Hainan middle-eastern rural areas. The escape pepper can be divided into9varieties which including3Capsicum frutescens Linn.,5C. annuum Linn.var.conoides,1Capsicum annuum var. fasciculatum on the size,shape and the change in color of Green ripe period with the standard of Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae. But the morphology are affected with the fact of the environment which the escape peppers grow in easily. Classifying the wild pepper just by the morphology is not exactly. It's necessary analysis the genetic material of escape pepper to clear the difference of Capsicum frutescens Linn., C. annuum Linn., C.annuum. Linn.var. conoides(Mill.) Irish.(2)Escape pepper widespread in Hainan middle-eastern rural areas. In the survey, it has been found from the Sanya cliff town of the most south to the Wenchang Baoluo town of the most north. In the elevation, it can spread from the low elevation (Elevation of2m) to the high elevation (Elevation of339m). On the whole, the high elevation area has more varieties grow in about9varieties, and there is larger quantity (52.15%of the totality) in the low elevation.(3)Because of the human element, the escape pepper concentrated in Hainan middle-eastern rural areas, combine the result it concentrated in Hainan west rural, the escape pepper concentrated in Hainan Island. (4)There are9Minority towns of16towns in the survey.They are WanNing Sangengluo town, LingShui (Benhao town, YingZhou town),(Sanya cliff town, Sanya, Fenghuang town) and BaoTing Xinzhen town, WuzhishanMaoyang town, Qiongzhong Wanling town. There was found9varieties,348plants(71.60%in the sum plants)in the9Minority towns, and3varieties,141plants(28.83%in the sum plants).The result showed that the variety of escape pepper in Minority towns is diversification, and the number is lager than the minority area. It is connect to the habit that Minority are fond of eating pepper.(5)The type of environment which the escape peppers grows in was diversification, and the escape pepper adaptability in Hainan Island. It spread in the Courtyard, vegetable garden, corner, Pinang garden and secondary forest in the Hainan middle-eastern rural areas. There are70families,154genera and193species associated plant in the environment.They were62kinds of trees,29kinds of shrubs,89kinds of herbs,13kinds of vine.The escape pepper spread in all kinds of ecological system randomly.On the basis of abundant escape pepper, the7varieties which were collected in Hainan Island and variet5and variet7which in different elevation had been made the ISSR maker, the result showed:(1)12primers selected from19ISSR-primers were used for amplification and a total of50DNA bands were obtained, including45polymorphic bands. The percent of polymorphic is90.0%. It explained the ISSR maker be appropriate for analyseing genetic diversity of escape pepper in Hainan rural areas(2)The result showed that the cluster analysis based on ISSR data classified the pepper into2major groups. The genetic distance of6varieties has not clear differences except C annuum var. fasciculatum. So C.frutescens had been reported in Hainan Island is belonged to C annuum. In fact, there are only one species of pepper and9varieties in Hainan Island. The differences of genetic distance of7varieties showed genetic material of different varieties peppers were plentiful.(3)The results of genetic diversity analysis about the difference varieties which grows in different elevations showed that different varieties with the same biological characteristics have different reactions; also showed that it has not regularity influence as elevation height changed.