| Marine biological fouling is a difficult problem in the sailing industry, every year the losses caused by the fouling organisms can not be estimated. Marine fouling organisms live in the marine environment or attach to the ship and various underwater artificial facilities, have the negative impact to human activities, give investors a negative benefit of general, including some large-scale algae, hydra, external anal animal, dragon crustaceans, bivalves, barnacles and sea squirts. It increases the weight and friction of the hull, so that the sailing speed is reduced, and the ship's maneuverability is seriously affected. While the fuel consumption is increased, costs is rose, and the hulls'corrosion will be caused by the marine biological's metabolic media, maintenance costs of ships will be increased, the life of the ships will be shorten, and the ship's safety will be affected critically. Therefore, prevention of marine fouling organisms has become an important issue to be addressed. As we know, painting antifouling coating is a most effective measure for the underwater parts of boats. The traditional anti-fouling paints, including organic tin, cuprous oxide antifouling agents, cause serious pollution of the marine environment. Therefore, the toxic antifouling paints will gradually be replaced with the strength of people's awareness of environmental protection and the investigation of new antifouling paint, especially finding the right natural anti-fouling agents, prevent the attachment without destroying the environment. Until recently, Marine natural products have been attracted by people due to its unique antifouling mechanism and efficient antifouling activities to be noticed. Ulva pertusa is a common large-scale algae plant along the coast of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, China, which has the capacity to prevent its surface from other fouling organism attachment. In this thesis, ulva pertusa was based as the research object, and the antifouling active substances were extracted and separated by the modern chromatographic separation and analysis technology, then the molecular formulas and structures were identified by IR, NMR, GC-MS, et al. It will provide important evidences for the follow-up development of new anti-fouling agents.In this article, the extraction substance UPAFS-A was isolated by silica gel column chromatography for twice, the most powerful antifouling production UPAFS-A52 was obtained, then UPAFS-A52 was elected to further purification processing. After being treated by ethanol, chloroform/acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate, UPAFS-A52 got four products UPAFS-A521, UPAFS-A522, UPAFS-A523, UPAFS-A524, respectively.We used the N.pinna sp.nov., Mytilus galloprovincialis, Ulva linza zoospores, Balanus albicostatus larvaes as typical fouling organisms to test the antifouling activities of the Ulva pertusa extractions and the paragraphs of separation and purification. The results showed that:(1) The smallest concentration of UPAFS-A against N.pinna sp.nov. complete attachment was 0.7 mg/mL, there was no mussel to reattach at the concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, and there was no spore growth on the suface of glass plate at the concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.(2) After column chromatography separation, six productions of UPAFS-A were obtained, the best inhibition part to N.pinna sp.nov. was UPAFS-A3, the inhibition rate was more than 90 % at the concentration of 0.3 mg/mL, the following was UPAFS-A5, its inhibition rate was more than 90 % at the concentration of 0.6 mg/mL; The Mytilus galloprovincialis test indicated that, UPAFS-A3 could inhibit Mytilus galloprovincialis to reattach at the concentration of 0.3 mg/mL. For UPAFS-A5, there was no Mytilus galloprovincialis to reattach at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. For UPAFS-A6, there was no Mytilus galloprovincialis to reattach at the concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, but it was toxic; The Ulva linza zoospores inhibition test results indicated that the inhibition rate of UPAFS-A3 was more than 90 % at the concentration of 0.7 mg/mL. For UPAFS-A5, the inhibition rate to Ulva linza zoospores was more than 90 % at the concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, and for production UPAFS-A6, the inhibition rate of growth of Ulva linza zoospores split up to 90 % at the concentration of 0.3 mg/mL; Balanus albicostatus larvaes tests revealed that UPAFS-A3 had the strongest effect, because all the larvaes were dead at the concentration less than 0.1 mg/mL. When UPAFS-A5 was at the concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, there was no larva to live, and its LC50 was 0.287 mg/mL. For UPAFS-A6, there was no larva to live at the concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, its LC50 was 0.311 mg/mL.(3) The bioassays of eight productions from UPAFS-A3 and UPAFS-A5 indicated that: UPAFS-A52 had the strongest antifouling activities, the attachment of the N.pinna sp.nov. and Mytilus galloprovincialis could be completely inhibited at the concentration of 0.3 mg/mL, and there was no Ulva linza zoospore to split growth at the same concentration. Balanus albicostatus larvaes experimental results indicated that, UPAFS-A52 had the weakest toxicity, there were larvaes still alive at the concentration of 0.8 mg/mL, and its LC50 was 0.550 mg/mL. For UPAFS-A51, there was no larva alive at 0.4 mg/mL, its LC50 was 0.217 mg/mL. For UPAFS-A31, at the concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, the death greatly increased and the mortality rate was as high as 86.7 %, and its LC50 was 0.158 mg/mL.(4) The N.pinna sp.nov. inhibition experiments of purification products UPAFS-A521, UPAFS-A522, UPAFS-A523, UPAFS-A524 had shown that this four kinds of products promoted the N.pinna sp.nov. attachment, and the antifouling ability reduced significantly.In this article, UPAFS-A521, UPAFS-A522, UPAFS-A523, UPAFS-A524 after being detected by GC-MS, IR, NMR indicated that, UPAFS-A521 and UPAFS-A522 contained the saturated sixteen acid, UPAFS-A523 might be the salt crystals, UPAFS-A524 contained the saturated sixteen acid and saturated sixteen acid ethyl ester. Combined with the N.pinna sp.nov. inhibition experiment, it was found that saturated sixteen acid and saturated sixteen acid ethyl ester do not have antifouling ability, or they might play better antifouling effect just with other substances in UPAFS-A52. |
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