| ObjectivesThe population was from Daqing city, Heilongjiang Province in this study. The two questionnaires, including the self-designed structured questionnaire and 12-item short-form health survey questionnaire, and health physical examination were used among the study population to investigate the health status and lifestyle factors. There are several purposes in our study. One is to describe the distributions of socioeconomic characteristics (such as age, education, monthly family income and marital status), lifestyle factors (such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, tea drinking and physical activity), physiological health index (such as body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure), the sleep quality and life quality among the study population. The other is to compare the lifestyles and health status between shift workers and non-shift workers. Another one is to explore the relationship between the shift work and the life quality. Finally, the corresponding measures on the occupational health education would be provided in order to reduce occupational harms to shift workers.Methods1. Questionnaire Interview: The self-designed structured questionnaire and 12-item short-form health survey questionnaire were used in this study. The structured questionnaire was used to investigate the basic situation of study population, including the socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle factors, biological rhythm, sleep quality, and the information on the shift work. The 12-item short-form health survey questionnaire consists of eight scales, including General Health (GH), Physical Functioning (PF),Role-Physical (RP), Bodily Pain (BP), Role-Emotional (RE), Mental Health (MH), Vitality (VT) and Social Functioning (SF). The first four scales belong to the Physical Component Summary (PCS) level, and the last four belong to the Mental Component Summary (MCS) level.2. Physical Examination: The height, weight and blood pressure were measured in the physical examination.3. Statistical Analysis: EpiData 3.02 was used to enter data. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 16.0 and Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 8.0 were used to analysis data. The statistical analysis methods included the Independent-Samples T Test, Chi-square Test, Analysis of Variance, Fisher's Exact Test, and General Linear Model.ResultsThis study was carried out in Ai'xin Hospital, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Sanhuan Drilling Company in Daqing. 410 shift workers among 40-60 year-old were investigated in this study. 391 subjects (questionnaire response rate 95.37%) were included in the final analysis. Among these population, 184 subjects were shift workers (47.06%), including 65 ever shift workers (16.62%) and 119 current shift workers (30.43%).All subjects were divided into three groups: daytime workers, ever shift workers and current shift workers. There was no significant difference in the distribution of age, marriage status among the three groups. The most of subjects were 45-49 year-old (159, 40.66%) and married (365, 93.35%). All current female shift workers were under the age of 50. However, there were different significantly in the distributions of education and monthly family income. The more current shift workers had the lower education level (the junior secondary education or less: 48.08%) and less family income (≤1999 Yuan: 41.18%). Stratified by gender, the more current shift workers were still in the lower education level and less family income, whether in male or in female.There were significant differences in lifestyle factors among daytime workers, ever shift workers and present shift workers. The percentage of tobacco smokers and alcohol drinkers were highest in the current shift workers (76 smokers, 63.87%; 68 alcohol drinkers, 57.14%). Especially in male, the percentages of smokers and alcohol drinkers were 87.95% and 75.90% respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of tea-drinking and physical exercise among the three groups.There were non-significant differences in the distributions of BMI in male and female population among the three groups. Moreover, 235 subjects were hypertension patients (60.10%). The percentages of hypertension patients were 65.22%, 50.77%, 56.30% in daytime workers, ever shift workers and current shift workers, respectively. The sleep quality was different significantly among the daytime workers, ever shift workers and current shift workers (P=0.002). Most current shift workers had poorer sleeping quality. Stratified by gender, whether in male or female population, the percentages of subjects with the poor sleep quality were significantly higher in shift workers than daytime workers.From eight scales in SF-12 Scales, the scores of ever shift workers were the lowest in General Health (37.85±27.95), Role-Physical (76.73±24.90), Vitality (67.31±22.06) and Social Functioning (76.54±21.60) scales, especially the Social Functioning was the lowest in female ever shift workers (70.73±22.29). The scores of eight scales were not different significantly in male. From the physical and mental health aspects, the score of physical health was lower in ever shift workers (49.02±8.38) and current shift workers (48.18±8.57) than daytime workers (51.13±7.88), especially male current shift workers was the lowest (49.15±8.54) . There is no significant difference in Physical Component Summary scores among the three groups. Adjusted socioeconomic characteristics (age, education, monthly family income), physiological health index (BMI and blood pressure), lifestyle factors (tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking) and other confounding factors, shift work was related with the Physical Component Summary score (P=0.007). The score was lower in shift workers, especially in the male shift workers, it was significantly lower than daytime workers (P=0.011). In Mental Component Summary, the score of shift workers was lower than daytime workers, and especially in the female ever shift workers. The shift work was not related with scores of the Mental Component Summary.ConclusionsShift workers had lower education level and family income. They rarely took part in physical activity. The risk lifestyle factors, such as tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking were common among the shift workers.And the quality of sleep and life quality was poor in the shift workers.Shift work was related with the lower score of Physical Component Summary. In order to decrease the adverse impacts of shift work, we would explore the rational shift work system, encourage shift workers to adopt healthy lifestyles and adjust the mental condition actively, and increase the benefits of shift workers (such as salary). |
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