| Objective To investigate related knowledge level and identify risk factors about osteoporosis in high-risk groups. Then according to the controllable risk factors, provide a basis for health education of osteoporosis.Methods Questionnaire survey and biological detections were conducted among the population of bone densitometry in one tertiary hospital in Wuhan, including healthy subjects who took physical examination in outpatient department and hospitalized patients. (1) Questionnaire: Self-designed, including the general conditions, relevant knowledge and risk factors of the subjects. (2) Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement: instrument was produced by American Hologic Company; the QDR series of Delphi-W type dual energy X-ray absorbing device. All inspection was performed by the same well-trained technician. The T score of BMD of lumbar spine in patients was used as osteoporosis diagnostic criteria, which indicates the variation of single BMD compared to the average BMD of normal youths and is represented by the standard deviation value. Osteoporosis is diagnosed when T score is less than - 2.5, and osteopenia when T score is between - 1.0 - 2.5. T score above - 1.0 means normal bone density. (3) Blood calcium detection: blood was collected from median cubital vein in the early morning before patients having breakfast. HITACHl7060 automatic biochemistry analyzer was used for detecting serum calcium concentration. Normal values in the adult range from 2.1 to 2.7 mmol·L-1. (4) Statistical methods: all data were input and double check by EpiData software, and then analyzed by SPSS 17.0. A p value of≤0.05 (two-tailed) was considered statistically significant.Results (1) In the knowledge survey, there was significant difference about extent or contents of knowledge grasped in high-risk groups in different ages and educational levels. (2)Among all related risk factors, there was significant difference between the incidence of osteoporosis with the factors of gender, educational level, age, height, weight and female menopause age. Logistic regression showed that eating bean products often and drinking pure milk, daily sun exposure and exercise, and marital satisfaction were the protective factors of osteoporosis high-risk groups, while parents fracture times, life stress state and daily depression state were the risk factors. Blood calcium level was not significantly correlated with BMD. (3) There was also significant difference before and after the health education about the subjects'knowledge of osteoporosis and their life styles.Conclusion (1) the osteoporosis high-risk groups lack of related knowledge. Nursing staff should take effective measures to provide individualized health education according to people with different characteristics. (2) The occurrence of osteoporosis among high-risk group is related with many factors, and medical staff should attach importance to the controllable factors, and gradually increase people's awareness of self-care in order to enhance the quality of life. (3) Medical staff giving the individualized health education at the time of BMD testing can increase subjects'related knowledge obviously and improve their lifestyles, so it should be promoted. |
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