Protective Effect Of Ginsenoside Against Acute Renal Failure And Expression Of ChAT-IR In The Lateral Magnocell Of Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nuclei(PaLM)

Objective:In the present study, we investigated the renal protective effect of ginsenoside administrated orally on acute renal failure in rats and its correlation with the changes of choline acetyl transferase in the lateral magnocell of hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei.Methods:Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, ARF+NS group, ARF+GS group, NS+NS group and NS+GS group. Glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats was employed. Blood urea nitrogen and Creatinine were measured by commercial regents, as well as superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde in renal cortex homogenate and hypothalamic homogenate by experiment in vivo. Renal histopathological changes were measured by HE stain. Meanwhile, the changes of ChAT-IR in the PVN were observed by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot.Results:1.Glycerol-induced ARF rats treated with NS (2ml) for 48h (ARF+NS group) showed a significant increase in BUN and Cre (P< 0.05). However, Glycerol-induced ARF rats treated with GS for 48h (ARF+GS group) showed a significant decrease in BUN and Cre (P< 0.05).2.In ARF+NS group, severe tubular necrosis was observed, but not in ARF+GS group.3.In ARF+NS group, the level of MDA in renal cortex homogenate significantly increasd (P< 0.05), but SOD markedly decreased (P< 0.05). However, in ARF+GS group the level of MDA in renal cortex homogenate significantly decreased, but SOD markedly increased (P< 0.05).4.In ARF+NS group, the level of MDA in hypothalamus homogenate significantly increasd (P< 0.05), but SOD markedly decreased (P< 0.05). However, in ARF+GS group the level of MDA in hypothalamus homogenate significantly decreased, but SOD markedly increased (P< 0.05).5.Immunohistochemistry showed an obvious increase of ChAT-IR in the PVN in ARF+NS group (P< 0.05), but ChAT-IR was further enhanced in ARF+GS group, compared with that in ARF+NS group (P< 0.05).6.Western blot showed an obvious increase of expression of ChAT in the hypothalamus in ARF+NS group (P< 0.05), but the expression of ChAT was further enhanced in ARF+GS group, compared with that in ARF+NS group (P< 0.05).Conclusion:Our results indicated that ginsenoside administrated orally in glycerol-induced ARF rats significantly improved renal function, decreased the severity of tubular necrosis, increased antioxidative effects and prevented renal damage. These findings suggested that ginsenoside may have a strong renal protective effect against glycerol-induced acute renal failure. Ginsenoside administrated orally in glycerol-induced ARF rats significantly decreased the level of MDA in hypothalamus homogenate, but SOD markedly increased, decreased the severity of oxidative damage in brain, increased antioxidative effects and prevented damage in brain. These findings suggested that ginsenoside may have a strong neuroprotective effect against glycerol-induced acute renal failure. The activity of hypothalamic cholinergic neurons was increased in ARF rats.Our results also indicated that ginsenoside administrated orally could further enhance this effect in ARF rats. Consequently, we provided a new evidence that cholinergic neuron in the hypothalamus contributed to renal protective effect of ginsenoside against acute renal failure. This may be one of the central mechanisms of ginsenoside against acute renal failure.