| Jean-Paul Sartre is one of the 20th century's most famous philosophers, writers and social activists who as known "the conscience of mankind in the 20th Century". Two world wars and the economic crisis made the whole Europe thrown into a poor and despair abyss, people's minds were suffering a devastating blow. Faith, hope, and the traditional French romantism were also like autumn's falling leaves, swept by war. People lost mutual understanding, lost normal communication between others and psychological basis, they were mutual exclusive, they only trusted themselves, their own actions and their own lives. This was a "homeless", "abandoned", "broken" and "ridiculous" world. It was during that time filled with wars, disasters, pain and suffering, Sartre's human thoughts were formed.During his earlier life, Sartre's biggest concern is people's freedom. He started with the position of petty-bourgeois to answer the problem of people's existence, people's selections of action, people's responsibilities, and the relationship between people. Since his theories were based on an absolute personal liberalism, his humanistic thoughts caused wide influences and also disagreements from many academies and society. This extreme solipsistic moral was obviously extreme. This kind of freedom can only exist in unreal operas. Sartre then gradually noticed this problem. He introduced the existence of social environment, and constantly moved to Marxism. Sartre thought his existentialism can add more specific people's existence in Marxist humanistic, but to the contrary this was the misunderstanding of Marxist humanistic. Marxist humanistic studies people's practices, not only abstract people but also specific people. It was not existentialist added to the Marxist "enclaves". Instead it was Sartre obtained necessary nutrients to develop the "historical person study" from Marx.Along with Sartre's humanistic thoughts, his political attitude, literature drama also changed from uninvolved into intervention. Sartre was going against the whole society all on his own during his early life, this man didn't owe the society anything and didn't require any benefits, in social activities he took a "personal socialist pacifist" attitude. Until the Second World War, a war spreaded across the whole Europe. Such a man had nowhere to hide, his personal socialist pacifist and reverse Nazism were fighting in his mind, and finally he contributed to positive social activities, tried to find the "third way" between U.S. and Soviet Union.This paper is trying to find out the principle of the development and change of Sartre's thoughts and the relationship between his intervention from Sartre's life experience, the historical background and ideological source. Based on the thoughts and actions of human intervention, from these two aspects to show a stereo Sartre.The first part is introduction, mainly focused on the new reign industrial revolution had on human. The rapid development of society could not solve people's real problems. Represented by Sartre, existentialist philosophers began to concern about the fate of the individuals, his thoughts and involvement of people had important impact actions, and set off three waves in our country.The second part describes the main source of Sartre's Human Thoughts. In Sartre's childhood he lost his father, his mother remarried, the lack of personal experience for his companions set the tune on individual thoughts and more concerned on individuals. This idea remained the same even when his later turned to Marxism. The experience of World Warâ…¡, a shift from an objective opportunity to role play, prompted him to examine the impact of the social environment on human. The source of thoughts, he has been influenced by philosophers before him and with him of the same period; he also sought views from the previous philosophers to conduct a comprehensive study summary of the dialectical absorption, and then formed a unique Humanology.The third part describes the basis of Sartre Human Thought and the core content. The existence of human is the precondition of Human Theory, based on which the argument of man's existence and essence which comes first formed, negated the existence of God and all decisions of human bondage. The essence of man is freedom, freedom is the core of Sartre's Human Thought content. People are free to choose the nature of their own and take responsibility for their own choices. People are free to choose and act, as long as one has freedom. Free movement of people to pass into the world to intervene. There is no doubt his thoughts had a positive meaning of life, not only in that social environment, but also in the modern world.The fourth part describes Sartre's intervention. As the author, Sartre interve through the writing, he criticized the Art for Art's point of view, the intervention proposed concept of literary criticism that the works of writers to answer the question in real life has a positive bias. Sartre as an intellectual put forward a broad concept of political involvement, the expansion of literary theory point of view of political events, with their own actions, fulfilled the ideological point of view.The fifth part is the evaluation on Sartre's human thoughts and intervention. Thought Sartre experienced people who study the history of free people to learn change, which were corrections his thoughts. However, he still could not add anything to Marxist philosophy which can not be gone beyond in modern world, the philosophical tone of his early childhood experience of life has been deeply rooted, so he was ultimately not a Marxist. Thought he asked people to people involved in more or less involved in a process they changed the original view of human theory.Finally, the conclusion, human under the new threats of terrorism and natural disasters, Sartre's Human thoughts has a new positive meaning. Facing the absurd dilapidated ruins of the world, the conflicts still exist between people, only to find hope in despair is the only way out. |
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