A Multi-perspective Analysis Of"Congci"

This paper has investigated the Three Planes of a Chinese word "Congci" in a Synchronic point of view and its Grammaticalization and Bonding process in a diachronic point of view. Meanwhile, We also analized the highest recognizable Semantic and Pragmatic characteristics of "Congci"During the Synchronic aspects, we believe "Congci" is both an adverb and a conjunction. As an adverb, it means "from (some time) on"; as a conjunction, it leads to the results or further action. Its Syntactic position can be before the subject or after. Its semantics will always point to a point in time. At this point in time, there is always an unexpected event, which causes the status before and after "Congci" changes. This is the most prominent semantic features of "Congci". Pragmaticly, the preceding paragraph1refers to the status before a point of time; preceding paragraph2refers to the occurrence of an emergency at that point of time. The latter paragraph refers to the status after that point of time. Preceding paragraph2and the latter paragraph are essential, while the preceding paragraph can be omitted. The content of preceding paragraph1can be logically reasonned. Logically, there is transition relation between the preceding paragraph1and the latter paragraph, while a slight causal relationship between the preceding paragraph2and the latter paragraph. Speaking of the boundary of range,"Congci" can connect the clauses, sentences and discourses, assume the functions of the chapter-connecting components.During the Lasted aspects, this paper first analyzes the grammaticalization process of "Cong" and "Ci". And believe that the development of "Congci" was not accompanied by the whole the grammaticalization process of "Cong" or "Ci", but an independent development."Congci" was originally a phrase meaning "in accordance with this approach","in accordance with doing so","because of this" located at V1O1position in a Multi-Verb phrase, which was very likely to turn to be an adverb. The Syntactic scope of "Congci" was limited n kind of fixed until Han Dinasty, with more frequently used, from which we can judge its Bonding to be a word. Its semantics developped from "in accordance with this approach","in accordance with doing this" into a significance of the starting point of time in modern Chinese during Sui and Tang Dynasties.Considering that those who take Chinese as a second language learners tend to confuse "Congci" with "Yinci","Yushi","Cong'er","Congzhong", this paper analyzed the most recognizable difference with these4words in their part of speech, syntactic position, number of preceding and latter paragraphs and logical relationship between these paragraphs, hoping to provide Countermeasures for teaching.