On The Development Of Federal Republicanism Of Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton is a well-known political activist in the early days in U.S.A. His Federal Republic thought had a far-reaching impact on American history development. He is a spokesman on behalf of the interests of big bourgeoisie. He actively participated in establishing the political and economic systems of Early America.In the late confederation, he keenly found that the confederation system was no longer suitable for the needs of the political and economic development of U.S.A. And the weak central government was unable to complete the task of maintaining national public interests and building a prosperous and strong nation. Therefore, he actively advocated changing "Articles of Confederation". He and Hobbes had a similar idea, believing Political freedom could lead to Anarchism and chaotic social order, finally give fatal blow to economic activity. He advocated strengthening the authority of central government, limitting the right of the state. The central government should implement the separation of powers. Different departments should be Independent of each other, the way of producing, the term and the power control of officials should be different. He stressed that the congressman represented the majority of ordinary people and their terms should be short to maintain mobility.Senators were representatives of a few men of property, whose terms should be lifelong to maintain stability. He emphasized that executive power should be concentrated and exercised independently, but not become a subsidiary body of the legislature. At the same time he also held that judicial power should be separated from and independent of legislative bodies, that a unified national system of justice should be established, and that federal law should be superior to state laws so as to ensure the authority of the federal government and the implementation of policies. During this period his political thought had been formed, that is, Federal supremacy, Federal centralization and Constitutional Republic Thought which was to limit the authority of government through the separation and balance of power between departments. During the period of Washington government Alexander Hamilton thought the President should be the lifeblood of a good government, and expand executive power which were not merely restricted to political realms. We could broadly interpret the Constitution because it included implied power. The power the President owned should be wide as well as strong and play a leading role in the management of national politics, economic, diplomatic, military and other fields. He held that America should consolidate the nation by developing industry and commerce development of industry and commerce could not only make the country strong and the people rich but also promote the growth of public welfare. The central government should support the development of manufacturing by the policies of taxation and finance implementing meritocracy which was presented through the emphasis of the leading position of the President in national politics. On the issue of choosing the paths of national polity and economic development, Hamilton and Jefferson had their split, and they built the Federalist Party and the Democratic and Republican Party headed by them respectively. The Democratic Republican Party agreed that State Government and the Congress were the best guarantees of the freedom of people, that the emphasis should be placed on the autonomy of the states and the paramountcy of legislative powers, carrying out arithmocracy and developing agriculture. The difference of political ideas gave rise to different political parties. Since then the United States stepped into a period of party politics. The Federalist Party and the Democratic Republican Party began to compete for state power.The conflicts brought by the competition between parties made Hamilton quit the center of the political arena without ending his second term as the Secretary of the Treasury. After that he always held the view that sectarian democracy is the root of the instability of the nation and a balancing mechanism for mutual checks on power should be established while the democratization of politics was carried out. Otherwise, the power would be out of control and the state of autarchy or disruption would appear. In a democratic constitutional state there should exist a responsible opposition party. Above all the party should be sound, adhere to the rule of law, moreover it wish to compete for political power in a pacific way.In the general election of United States in 1800, as a leader of United States Federalist Party, Hamilton adhered to the importance of federal interest.He considered that federal interest overtopped party interest. In the case of Federalist Party's failure he persuaded justine elliots in congress to choose his political rival Jeaffreson, giving up Political opportunists Burr. He broke a deadlock made the first transfer of power a success after founding party politics in the United States. After that he resolutely fought with disruptive behaviour of Extremists in Federalist Party. He combatted the behavior of the federal division only for immediate interests of their party. The unity of the federation and Centralization consisted with the interests of business groups in Northeast of United States, it was necessary to ensure that America stepped into florescence and became stronger and stronger. It was also necessary to safeguard Core interests of the United States at that time.The Federal Republic thought of Hamilton is not like what some scholars think but is reactionary; he insisted on building up monarchy in America. In fact, Building up a federal government with relatively concentrate power could enhance the cohesion and then avoided the disunity of the nation. This is the only right political choice after the funding of America. Simultaneously, in order to prevent the relatively strong central government from becoming dictatorial power to oppress the people, it is necessary to implement separation and balance of powers to attain the aim of limiting the powers. Hamilton developed the thought of power division of the European enlightened thinkers, negating the principle of parliamentary supremacy. He held that at that time in America, the situation of parliamentary supremacy must be changed, and the executive and judicial powers must be separated from the legislative bodies and should be strengthened to restrict and balance each other's, improving the efficiency of central government and avoiding sectarian strife. During his lifetime, Hamilton adhered to the principle of the supremacy of the federal interests, taking the position that federal interests were above party interests. He was opposed to damaging federal interests for party interests. These political thoughts of Hamilton met the national needs in Early America. He had a profound impact on the birth and development of unique political system of the United States making important contributions to economic recovery and development, and to national unity and social stability in early America.