On1977-1985the Development Of Political Institutionalization

11thCentral Committee's Third Plenary Session establishing "reform andopening up" becomes the turning point of new Chinese political development; itmarks the end of the class struggles of revolutionary era and the beginning of theconstruction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the perspective ofpolitical institutionalization, since the reform and opening up China's politicalinstitutionalization level has been greatly improved. Combing through the relevantliterature in this paper it is shown that the achievement of the politicalinstitutionalization consists of two fundamental aspects. One aspect is fullyfunctionalized and structurally optimized political system and the other is morelegitimized political system itself, these two parts are indispensable. After foundingthe new China, China's transformation takes Soviet model as example. But this modeland some political movements severely hampered the ongoing development ofpolitical institutionalization, and even in a certain time period resulted in a seriousrecession. In the early reform and opening up period, the reconstruction of politicalinstitutionalization is mainly reflected to the process of the adjustment andimprovement of the internal structure and functions of political systems. Improvementof the system is not fully because of promoting the economy, but moderate andinteractive elites of the political arena from the Post Cultural Revolution Era. Duringthis period reforms include these three main aspects: the separation of party and government functions, fragmentation of the internal powers of party, and regression ofthe power of functions of National People's Congress as well as its freedom andperformance improvement. First, the historic change of the leadership system of theparty. Reflected in two aspects: through rethinking the whole party's communityleadership system, the re-establishment of the community leadership, which alsoclearly pointed out the systematical defects of the party. Cutting into the core of thepolitical system's reforms, getting into the structural reform agenda. To re-establishand emphasize the importance of multi-party cooperation and political consultationsystem, and even to bring it back to life. Second is separation of the party andgovernmental functions, completing the conversion of the government administrativeleadership system, the gradual deepening of the reform of the administrative system,the breakthrough the barriers of the controlled economy, the implementation of reformmeasures such as delegating powers and benefits, changed all the organizationalstructure from party's past. Third; return of the highest authority system. Efforts toenhance the legislative powers of the National People's Congress, integrity andconstruction of the authority organ's functions, and gradually strengthen the authorityorgan's system specification, explore the effective exercise of National People'sCongress, apply the direct elections at the country level for the first time within the"Electoral Law", is a milestone in the growth of China's National People's Congresssystem. With the continuous development of China's reform process, the adjustmentand improvement of the power structure within the political system not enough tocope with the requirements of China's political institutionalization and development,and how legitimate political means attracting the participation of reform pressure onbuilding Chinese political institutionalization process by all means of the dauntingpressure which it faces.